American Minute with Bill Federer

OCT. 22 - 'When a government has ceased to protect the lives, liberty, and property of the people...and...becomes an instrument...for their oppression...'

At age 16, after his father died, Sam Houston ran off to live with the Cherokee Indians on the Tennessee River.

He was adopted by Chief Oolooteka and given the name "Raven."

Three years later, Houston returned to Knox County, Tennessee, and opened a one-room schoolhouse, the first school built in the State.



He joined the army and fought in the War of 1812.

During the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Sam Houston was shot with an arrow in the upper thigh, which was removed and he kept fighting.

The Red Stick Creek Indians then struck him with bullets in the shoulder and arm.

He was noticed by General Andrew Jackson, who mentored him.



In 1818, wearing Indian dress, Sam Houston led a delegation of Cherokee to Washington, D.C., to meet with President James Monroe.

He studied law under Judge James Trimble, passed the bar, and opened up a legal practice in Lebanon, Tennessee.

Houston was appointed the local prosecutor and was given a command in the state militia.



Sam Houston was elected to Congress in 1823, and became Governor of Tennessee in 1827.

After a failed marriage, Sam Houston resigned and moved to the Arkansas Territory where he lived among the Cherokee Tribe.



At this time, Houston was interviewed by the French writer Alexis de Tocqueville, who was traveling through the United States.

While visiting Washington, DC, a politician slandered his character resulting in an altercation and trial.

Francis Scott Key was Houston's lawyer, and future President James K. Polk interceded for him, but nevertheless, Houston was fined $500.



Rather than pay, Houston left for the Mexican Territory of Tejas in 1832.

He had married a Cherokee wife, but she refused to follow him to Tejas.

In 1833, in Nacogdoches, Texas, Sam Houston was baptized into the Catholic faith, a requirement to own property in the Mexican Territory.

After his Cherokee wife died, Sam Houston married again in 1847. In 1854, his new wife convinced him to be baptized as a Baptist in Little Rocky Creek.


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In 1836, at the age of 43, Sam Houston was made Commander-in-Chief to fight Santa Anna.



On March 2, 1836, Sam Houston signed the Texas Declaration of Independence, which stated:

"When a government has ceased to protect the lives, liberty, and property of the people...and...becomes an instrument in the hands of evil rulers for their oppression...

it is a...sacred obligation to their posterity to abolish such government, and create another in its stead."



The Texas Declaration ended:

"Conscious of the rectitude of our intentions, we fearlessly and confidently commit the issue to the decision of the Supreme Arbiter of the Destinies of Nations."



Sam Houston defeated Santa Ana at the Battle of San Jacinto, April 21, 1836, though a bullet shattered Houston's ankle.

On OCTOBER 22, 1836, General Sam Houston was sworn in as the first President of the Republic of Texas.



In 1846, Sam Houston became U.S. Senator from Texas, and in 1859 he was elected Governor.

Sam Houston was the only person to have been elected the governor of two different States.



When the Civil War began, he refused to swear allegiance to the Confederacy and was removed from office.

The 4th largest city in the United States is named after him.
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