Changes To School Board Elections
California Voting Rights Act (CVRA)
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Dear Parents and Guardians of the Washington Unified School District:
We hope that this letter finds you well and that you are enjoying the summer break. Though our students are out of school, the District continues work and progress forward with summer sessions and a lot of staff preparing for the opening of our new school year only six weeks away. We want to be sure that our community stays informed of the business of the District even though school is out for the summer.
The Washington Unified School District is governed by a five member Board of Education. Currently, each of the five Board members is elected in “at-large” elections, where each member is elected by registered voters throughout the entire District. On March 5, 2018, the District received a letter alleging that the District’s continued use of “at-large” elections would violate the California Voting Rights Act (CVRA) and stating that possible litigation would occur if the District did not transition to “by-trustee area” elections. By-trustee area elections are similar to elections for Congress or State Assembly. The District is divided into “trustee areas” – one for each seat on the Board – and the voters of each trustee area elect one member of the Board.
At the April 12, 2018 Board Meeting, the Board approved
Resolution No. 1718-22 indicating its intent to transition Board elections from at-large to by-trustee area elections by the November 2020 election. The transition will not affect the current November 2018 elections. The Board is now in the process of drafting the trustee area maps, with the goal of adopting maps in September 2018.
As parents and guardians of our students in the Washington Unified School District, we want to be sure you are fully aware of the purpose, transitions, and processes of these changes. The Board encourages all parents, guardians and community members to be knowledgeable of and participate in this process by providing input on the draft maps.
All documents pertaining to the Board’s discussions, including the dates and locations of Community Forums, on this topic are located on the District’s website under the “
Board of Education” and accessible by clicking on the link “
CVRA.” The District will post the draft trustee area maps on this website. We hope that you will provide feedback on these maps either through the website or by attending a Board meeting or one of the multiple Community Forums we will be holding on this topic.
Sincerely yours,
Linda C. Luna, Superintendent
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Frequently Asked Questions
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What is the California Voters Right Act (CVRA)?
The CVRA was enacted to prevent the use of at-large elections by local governments to dilute the vote of protected classes. The CVRA is intended to ensure that minority groups have the ability to elect candidates of their choice to the elected boards of local agencies. In an at-large system, if all members of a governing board are elected by all voters in the school district, then a group which constitutes a majority of voters in that school district can elect the entire board while a minority group may be unable to elect any candidates of their choice.
School districts throughout California must consider if their elections could be found to violate the CVRA. Three requirements for CVRA violation:
- At-large election system.
- Racially polarized voting.
- Protected class cannot elect candidates or influence elections.
If all three factors are met and a voter initiates a legal challenge, it is likely the school district would be found in violation of the CVRA. However, if any of the factors are not met, specifically if the school district uses “by-trustee area” elections, then there is no potential for a violation of the CVRA.
(Elec. Code, § 14027)
“An at-large method of election may not be imposed or applied in a manner that impairs the ability of a protected class to elect candidates of its choice or its ability to influence the outcome of an election, as a result of the dilution or the abridgment of the rights of voters who are members of a protected class…”
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What does this mean for Washington Unified School District?
When a school district reviews application of the CVRA, it has essentially
three options:
- Decide to maintain the status quo, i.e., at-large elections;
- Transition to by-trustee area elections by adopting trustee area maps and seeking approval at the county and state level; or,
- Commission an analysis of the school district’s demographics and voting history to determine the potential for a CVRA violation and then determine if it will maintain or transition its election system.
The Washington Unified School District is governed by a five member Board. Board members are currently elected in “at-large” elections, where each member is elected by registered voters throughout the District. The District is committed to structures that most effectively involve all community members in the democratic process of elections.
- CVRA applies to WUSD since it uses at-large elections.
- If all elements are met, could support a violation of the CVRA.
- Transition to by-trustee area elections could immunize District.
On March 5, 2018, the District received a letter from attorney Scott Rafferty on behalf of the Latino Information and Resource Network, the Broderick Area Homeowners’ Association, Maria Grijalva, Edward Castorena, and Sandra Miranda, alleging that the District’s current at-large election system violates the CVRA as it “dilutes minority electoral influence in the election of board members to the [District]…;”
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What is the process for the transition to by-area trustee elections?
At the April 12, 2018 Board Meeting, the Board approved Resolution No. 1718-22 (see attached) indicating intent to transition Board elections from at-large to by-trustee area elections by November 2020. In order to facilitate this transition and determine the trustee area boundaries the District will take the following steps:
- Engage the community and District stakeholders as to the trustee area boundaries.
- Post all draft trustee area boundary maps on the District's website as they become available.
- Allow for comments on the maps to be submitted through the District's website.
- Provide sufficient time between revisions to the draft trustee area boundary maps to provide the community with the opportunity to review and comment on the maps.
- Hold at least three (3) public hearings at Board meetings on the draft trustee area boundary maps prior to adoption of any map.
- Organize additional community meetings to review draft trustee area boundary maps and obtain comment regarding same.
- Provide all materials related to the draft trustee area maps in English, Spanish and Russian.
These steps may be augmented or adjusted by the Board or District staff as necessary.
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Where are we in the process for the transition to by-area trustee elections?
- The Board has approved a timeline for this process. (see attached)
- The Board has retained a demographer to draft area boundaries.
- Public Hearing 1 – June 14, 2018 Board Meeting
- Public Hearing 2 – June 28, 2018 Board Meeting
- Drafted trustee area boundary maps posted on District’s website. District allows for comments on the drafted maps on the website, Community Forums, and Public Hearings at Board Meetings.
- Board adopts boundaries and transition.
- Approval by County Committee and election or State Board of Education.
- The Yolo County Committee on School District Organization must hold one hearing on the proposal and then approve or disapprove.
- Under the Education Code, the transition would then go to District voters for approval. But, State Board of Education (SBE) can waive the election requirement.
- SBE has regularly granted waivers of the election requirements for districts transitioning to by-trustee area elections.
- Avoid cost and unknowns involved in an election.
- Need to follow general SBE waiver requirements.
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Work in Progress
- Educate voters and potential candidates about new system and opportunities.
- New election system would take effect at the next election beginning with those facing re-election (November 2020).
- Incumbent Board members would need to reside within trustee area to be re-elected.
- Review/revise trustee boundary maps following 2020 census for 2022 election.
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Get Involved in the Discussion
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The Board of Education will be holding a Special Meeting to review and discuss the
FIRST DRAFTS
of the trustee area maps on
Thursday, July 19, 2018 at 6:00 pm at the District Office, Room 75
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FIRST DRAFTS
of the trustee area maps along with the demographic information for each is available below. All three maps keep each Trustee in a separate Trustee Area; the sequencing that follows is directly on each map. Each map seeks to balance the criteria in different ways. Each creates one seat where Latino CVAP is above 30% and a second between 25% - 30%, both in the north of the district. In addition, each creates a 21-24% Asian CVAP seat in the south, along the west bank of the river.
- Green Map I Green Map Demographics - The Green map is the most compact option, and emphasizes following major roads and canals to keep neighborhoods together.
- Purple Map I Purple Map Demographics - The Purple map keeps the less-populated industrial/agricultural areas in the eastern part of the district together, linking the northern and central part of the district.
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Members of the public are invited to review the complete join us us at the following community forum opportunities:
Community Forum #1
June 20, 2018
8:30 AM - 9:30 AM
Community Forum #2
August 22, 2018
6:00 - 7:00 PM
Community Forum #3
September 5, 2018
8:30 AM - 9:30 AM
Community Forum #4
September 19, 2018
6:00 - 7:00 PM
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