Appraisals can inspire anxiety for many business owners. And it's understandable why. You're obviously not short on things to do, and valuations cost time and money. Nonetheless, there are some legitimate reasons to obtain an appraisal regularly or, at the very least, to familiarize yourself with the process so you're ready when the time comes.
Strategic Perspectives
Perhaps the most common purpose of a valuation is a prospective ownership transfer. Yet strategic investments (such as a new product or service line) can also greatly benefit from an accurate appraisal. As growth opportunities arise, business owners have only limited resources to pursue chosen strategies. A valuation can help plot the most likely route to success.
You might say, however, why not simply rely on our tried-and-true projected financial statements for strategic planning? One reason is that projections ignore the time value of money because, by definition, they describe what's going to happen given a set of circumstances. Thus, it can be difficult to compare detailed projections against other investments under consideration.
Valuators, however, can convert your financial statement projections into cash flow projections and then incorporate the time value of money into your
decision making. For instance, in a net present value (NPV) analysis, an appraiser projects each alternative investment's expected cash flows. Then he or she discounts each period's projected cash flow to its present value, using a discount rate proportionate to its risk.
If the sum of these present values, the NPV, is greater than zero, the investment is likely worthwhile. When comparing alternatives, a higher NPV is generally better.
3 Pillars of the Process
Many business owners just don't know what to expect from a valuation. To simplify matters, let's look at three basic "pillars" of the appraisal process:
1. Purpose. There's no such thing as a recreational valuation. Each one needs to have a specific purpose. This could be as clear-cut as an impending sale. Or perhaps an owner is divorcing his spouse and needs to determine the value of the business interest that's includable in the marital estate.
In other cases, an appraisal may be driven by strategic planning. Have I grown the business enough to cash out now? Or how much further could we grow based on our current estimated value? The valuation's purpose strongly affects how an appraiser will proceed.
2. Standard of Value. Generally, business valuations are based on "fair market value," which the price at which property would change hands in a hypothetical transaction involving informed buyers and sellers not under duress to buy or sell. But some assignments call for a different standard of value.
For example, say you're contemplating selling to a competitor. In this case, you might be best off getting an appraisal for the "strategic value" of your company - that is, the value to a particular investor, including buyer-specific synergies.
3. Basis of Value. Private business interests typically are designated as either "controlling" or "minority" (nonmarketable). In other words, do you truly control your company or are you a noncontrolling owner?
Defining the appropriate basis of value isn't always straightforward. Suppose a business is split equally between two partners. Because each owner has some control, stalemates could impair decision-making. An appraiser will need to definitively establish basis of value when selecting a valuation methodology and applying valuation discounts.
Unbiased Perspective
Often, we all find it difficult to be objective about the things we hold close. There are few better examples of this than business owners and their companies. But a valuation can provide you with an unbiased, up-to-date perspective on your business that can help you make better decisions about its future.
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