Today's Headlines: April 22, 2020
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New From the Center
By Divya Hosangadi, Kelsey Lane Warmbrod, Elena K Martina, Amesh Adalja, Anita Cicero, Thomas Inglesby, Crystal Watson, Matthew Watson, Nancy Connell
The global reach of infectious disease pandemics typically necessitates a similarly ubiquitous public health intervention: mass vaccination. The development and large-scale deployment of a vaccine requires substantial investment and a coalition of stakeholders to undertake research and development (including phase I to III clinical trials), manufacturing, and widespread administration.
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The Coronavirus in America: The Year Ahead
(
New York Times
) The coronavirus is spreading from America’s biggest cities to its suburbs, and has begun encroaching on the nation’s rural regions. The virus is believed to have infected millions of citizens and has killed more than 34,000.
We Need an Atlantic Charter for the Post-coronavirus Era
(
The Atlantic
) In August 1941, Winston Churchill climbed aboard the USS Augusta, anchored off the southeast coast of Newfoundland, ready to talk with Franklin D. Roosevelt, who awaited him on deck. The British and American leaders began lengthy discussions about the shape of a postwar world. Their eight principles for “a better future” included self-determination, open trade, freedom of the seas, and a rejection of territorial aggression.
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Clinical Practice
In Pursuit of PPE
(
NEJM
) As a chief physician executive, I rarely get involved in my health system’s supply-chain activities. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed that. Protecting our caregivers is essential so that these talented professionals can safely provide compassionate care to our patients. Yet we continue to be stymied by a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the cavalry does not appear to be coming.
Public & Global Health
Community Responses during Early Phase of COVID-19 Epidemic, Hong Kong
(
Emerging Infectious Diseases
) Hong Kong was relatively successful in mitigating transmission early in the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Confirmed cases were first reported in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019 (1). Situated at the southern tip of China, Hong Kong was at risk for importing COVID-19, given its shared border and high infrastructural and social connectivity with China.
Why we need at least 500,000 tests per day to open the economy — and stay open
(
globalepidemics.org
) Ubiquitous testing is essential to the nation’s ability to succeed with the planned phased opening of the economy and to stay open (we explain why we need testing in this post). In our analysis below, we estimate that the number of tests needed every day is, at a minimum, 500,000, though we likely need many more.
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Science & Technology
Extraordinary diseases require extraordinary solutions
(
Vaccine
) The world is experiencing a major pandemic with a high mortality. One can hope that the outbreak will end spontaneously after most people are infected, but the SARS-2 coronavirus may become endemic and continue to cause cycles of respiratory disease and fatal pneumonias.
Manufacturing Platform Developed for Large-Scale Production of COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate
(
Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News
) MilliporeSigma and The Jenner Institute report that the Institute has begun preparations for the large-scale production of its COVID-19 vaccine candidate, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. With patients enrolled for clinical trials for this vaccine, rapid development of the large-scale manufacturing process is a critical step in quickly and safely delivering it from the lab to patients, according to Udit Batra, CEO, MilliporeSigma.
Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model
(
Science
) The current pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, COVID-19. To compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV and compared the pathology and virology with historical reports of SARS-CoV infections.
What Viral Evolution Can Teach Us About the Coronavirus Pandemic
(
The New Yorker
) A scientist I know has a tattoo on his arm of a sketch from Darwin’s notebooks. Spidery lines radiate outward from the center, branching and splitting again and again, ending with labels: A, B, C, and D. The diagram is simple, but the idea is profound: a tree of life, with lines of descent that connect you and me to everything that lives and has ever lived on Earth.
The Promise and Peril of Antibody Testing for COVID-19
(
JAMA
) As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raged around the globe in late March, hundreds of San Miguel County, Colorado, residents turned out for a blood test. Standing 6 feet apart outside a Telluride school gym, they waited for the blood draw that would tell them whether they had mounted an immune response to the disease-causing virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—a sign that they’d been infected.
Global Health Security
Forecasting the 2014 West African Ebola Outbreak
(
Epidemiologic Reviews
) In 2014–2015, a large Ebola outbreak afflicted Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. We performed a systematic review of 26 manuscripts, published between 2014 and April 2015, that forecasted the West African Ebola outbreak while it was occurring, and we derived implications for how results could be interpreted by policymakers.
Science Technology
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Published by Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
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