In case you don't know there are 2 types of mammograms. One for breast cancer screening and the other a diagnostic tool. There are differences between mammography equipment types and models some more technologically advanced than others. The procedure for the screening mammogram is different than a diagnostic mammogram. To find the answer to this question we need to look into mammograms used for breast cancer screening. The purpose of screening mammograms is early detection.
So what are the risks to having a screening mammogram?
The Risk of a False Positive Result - Mammograms can be tricky to read given the variety of breasts shapes, sizes and density. This creates the opportunity to have what is known as "false positive" results. What this means to you is the mammogram could show a mass when in fact there is not one, or the one that is there does not require action.
The Risk of Physiological Trauma - The trauma of misdiagnosis is the major under reported harm of breast screening programs: the very real and lasting trauma associated with a false-positive diagnosis of breast cancer. This negative psychosocial consequence can last up to 6 months. If you have had this happen to you or a friend of yours you know what I mean.
The Risk of Radiation Exposure - There is evidence mammograms may increase the risk of radiation induced cancer approx. 20 -25 cases per 100,000.
What are the costs?
Besides emotional costs of worrying about being diagnosed with breast cancer
with a "false positive" there is an increase in resource utilization. In the 2011 meta-analysis by the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews mammography breast cancer screening led to 30 percent over diagnosis and over treatment resulting in more tests, surgeries and cancer treatment.
What you can do:
You can decide what's best for you. After all it's your body. You need to educate yourself, weight the risks and the benefits of screening mammograms considering your personal lifestyle choices, family history and genetic predisposition.
If you do decide on screening a mammogram consider this:
- Make sure the radiologist has your past films, if you had one before.
- Schedule the procedure mid-menstrual cycle.
- Look for state of the art equipment.
- If a "suspicious" lump is identified get a second and maybe a third opinion.
Mammograms are not breast cancer prevention, here is what is:
- Reduce sugar especially fructose, dairy, animal proteins and processed foods.
- Increase fruits, vegetables (8+ servings), omega 3 oils, and vitamin D.
DON'T
Don't have the money for a mammogram? Contact the
American Cancer Society for the FREE screening program. They pay for the screening and follow-up as long as you continue to ask them for assistance and there is no break in service.
DO
Do reduce controllable breast cancer risk factors by modifying your behaviors such as eating healthy foods. limiting alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight and being physically active. Hormone replacement therapy, birth control pills, tobacco use, second hand smoke and working the "late shift" have been linked to increase breast cancer occurrences.
2009
2012 U.S. study found after 10 years mammograms women are more likely to have surgeries and cancer treatments. 
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