Quotes of the Day:

“Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make man a more clever devil.” 

- C.S. Lewis

"Another person will not hurt you with your cooperation. You are hurt the moment you believe yourself to be."

- Marcus Aurelius

"We are drowning in information, while starving for wisdom. The world henceforth will be run by synthesizers, people able to put together the right information at the right time, think critically about it, and make important choices wisely."

- E.O. Wilson, biologist, naturalist, author

1. Unification Minister urges efforts to persuade N. Korea to make 'right' decision

2. Yoon says S. Korea cannot help but rely on U.S. 'extended deterrence' due to China's inaction on N.K.

3. N. Korea's youth holds rally against S. Korea-U.S. deterrence deal

4. Yoon says S. Korea cannot help but rely on U.S. 'extended deterrence' due to China's inaction on N.K.

5. Yoon voices hope for deeper S. Korea-Japan friendship

6. Top general visits western border units amid N. Korean threats

7. U.S. Nuclear Submarine to Arrive in Mid-May

8. Ruling party heaps praise on Yoon for breakthrough in relations with Japan

9. Shuttle diplomacy to be resumed with Kishida’s visit to Seoul

10. Shooting range for U.S. Forces Korea to be built in Changwon

11. Korean arms companies are on the front lines of defense here and abroad

12.  The ball is in Kishida’s court

13. [Alliance in Action] S. Korea, US should aim to render NK nuclear weapons useless

14. Yoon calls for Indo-Pacific solidarity to ride out economic troubles

15. NK builds rhetoric against Washington Declaration as justification for nuclear ambitions

16. Future of North Korea sanctions panel in limbo amid UN Security Council dispute

17. Will the New Nuclear Consultative Group Alleviate South Korea’s Deterrence Concerns?

18. EDITORIAL | U.S., South Korea need resolve, unity

19. U.S.-South Korean nuclear document focused more on reassurance than deterrence

1. Unification Minister urges efforts to persuade N. Korea to make 'right' decision

The buried lede:

Kwon made the remarks in a meeting of an advisory committee tasked with drawing up a new blueprint for Seoul's mid- and long-term unification policy amid North Korea's rapidly developing nuclear and missile threats.

...

The unification ministry plans to release a draft of the blueprint, tentatively named the "New Future Initiative on Unification," later this month to flesh it out based on opinions from the global community and the general public.

I would have thought the Minister of Unification would have focused on the twenty-six key words from the summit.

“The two Presidents are committed to build a better future for all Korean people and support a unified Korean Peninsula that is free and at peace.”

These twenty six words provide the strategic aim for the ROK/U.S. alliance until a free and unified Korean is finally established.  They describe the acceptable durable political arrangement that will protect, serve, and advance ROK and U.S. interests in Northeast Asia. They must form the foundation for all strategic planning, e.g., they describe the end for which the ways and means must be developed and employed.  These relatively few words provide guidance to the alliance, offer hope to the Korean people, provide the solution to the nuclear and military threats, and set the stage for a United Republic of Korea (UROK) to achieve new heights in the world.

Unification Minister urges efforts to persuade N. Korea to make 'right' decision | Yonhap News Agency

en.yna.co.kr · by 이민지 · May 3, 2023

By Lee Minji

SEOUL, May 3 (Yonhap) -- Unification Minister Kwon Young-se on Wednesday called for efforts to persuade North Korea to make the "right" decision for the sake of all members of the Korean Peninsula, although Pyongyang has shown little signs of resuming talks with Seoul and Washington.

Kwon made the remarks in a meeting of an advisory committee tasked with drawing up a new blueprint for Seoul's mid- and long-term unification policy amid North Korea's rapidly developing nuclear and missile threats.

"We need to encourage North Korea's positive change. The South and North can make a better future together," Kwon said in the meeting of the Unification Future Planning Committee.

"We need to urge and induce North Korea to make the right decision so that all members of the Korean Peninsula can feel safe and lead prosperous lives," he said.

Kwon's remarks were seen as reflecting the joint summit statement released by President Yoon Suk Yeol and U.S. President Joe Biden last week, which denounced the North's provocations while showing their commitment to "build a better future for all Korean people" and "support a unified Korean Peninsula that is free and at peace."

The unification ministry plans to release a draft of the blueprint, tentatively named the "New Future Initiative on Unification," later this month to flesh it out based on opinions from the global community and the general public.

The envisioned blueprint is one of the ministry's key policy goals aimed at laying the groundwork for peaceful unification based on freedom and the democratic values espoused by the Yoon administration.

Unification Minister Kwon Young-se delivers his opening remarks at a meeting of the Unification Future Planning Committee in Seoul on May 3, 2023. (Yonhap)

mlee@yna.co.kr

(END)

en.yna.co.kr · by 이민지 · May 3, 2023

2. Yoon says S. Korea cannot help but rely on U.S. 'extended deterrence' due to China's inaction on N.K.

And north Korea's action and China's inaction on north Korea, as well as its actions that threaten the rules-based international order are driving improvised trilateral cooperation among the ROK, Japan, and the US.

(LEAD) Yoon says S. Korea cannot help but rely on U.S. 'extended deterrence' due to China's inaction on N.K. | Yonhap News Agency

en.yna.co.kr · by 이해아 · May 2, 2023

(ATTN: UPDATES with Yoon's remarks on China; CHANGES headline)

By Lee Haye-ah

SEOUL, May 2 (Yonhap) -- President Yoon Suk Yeol said Tuesday South Korea has no choice but to rely on the United States' extended deterrence as Beijing does not enforce U.N. sanctions on North Korea "at all."

Yoon made the remark after making a surprise appearance at a luncheon for reporters in the presidential compound. The luncheon was organized as part of a press tour of Yongsan Children's Garden, a park adjacent to the compound, which will open to the public on Thursday.

Yoon was asked by a reporter if he anticipated the degree of China's complaints about his agreement with U.S. President Joe Biden last week to introduce new measures to strengthen U.S. extended deterrence toward South Korea, or Washington's commitment to mobilizing all of its military capabilities, including nuclear, to defend its ally.

"If they want to take issue with us and criticize us for adopting the Washington Declaration and upgrading our security cooperation to one that is nuclear-based, they should reduce the nuclear threat or at least abide by international law and stick to U.N. Security Council sanctions against the nuclear threat," he said, referring to the declaration outlining the new extended deterrence measures.

"If they don't take part at all in the sanctions against violations of U.N. Security Council resolutions, what do they want us to do? We're left with no choice," he said.

North Korea is under a raft of U.N. sanctions over its testing of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles in violation of Security Council resolutions.

Yoon also shared his thoughts about marking his first year in office next week.

President Yoon Suk Yeol (C) speaks during a luncheon meeting with reporters covering him at the presidential office in Seoul on May 2, 2023, in this photo released by his office. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)

"Through the criticism and the encouragement, it's already been a year," Yoon said as he addressed the more than 150 reporters gathered.

"I plan to reflect on things like how much and in what ways our country and society have changed, to what extent it's become more lively and warm, able to give dreams to our future generations, become more just and fair, and secured our security and our society's safety," he said.

Over the next year, Yoon said he plans to speed up in areas where change is slow, and make adjustments in areas where the direction of change needs adjustment.

Yoon will mark his first year in office on May 10.

He recalled that in his first months in office, he met with reporters on a near-daily basis as he took questions on his way to work.

The Q&A sessions were suspended in November after an MBC reporter clashed with a presidential official for shouting a question at the president's back.

"Aren't you a bit sorry now that we don't meet? I started to gain weight," he joked.

Yoon said his habit of waking up early in the morning to prepare for the Q&As stuck with him and he still gets up early to read the morning's newspapers and ask questions to his staff.

"I am sure I fell short in many areas, but I hope you will help me," he told the reporters.

On marking his first year in office, Yoon said he will think about holding a press conference, but that he has told his staff not to make the day a celebration of what his administration has achieved.

"If it's a press meeting where I can just talk with you over beer, that's a different story, but if it's about handing out releases and boasting, that wouldn't be a courtesy to the people," he said.

hague@yna.co.kr

(END)

en.yna.co.kr · by 이해아 · May 2, 2023

3.  N. Korea's youth holds rally against S. Korea-U.S. deterrence deal

The north would say this falls under the freedom of expression and freedom of assembly clauses of its constitution. The youth have freedom of choice: they are free to take part in these activities or they can go to the gulags.

N. Korea's youth holds rally against S. Korea-U.S. deterrence deal | Yonhap News Agency

en.yna.co.kr · by 이원주 · May 3, 2023

SEOUL, May 3 (Yonhap) -- North Korean youth and students held a rally to denounce a recent agreement reached by the leaders of South Korea and the United States on strengthening U.S. extended deterrence, Pyongyang's state media said Wednesday.

The official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reported that the protest was held in South Hwanghae province the previous day to "sternly punish" the U.S. and South Korea, or what it called a "gangster" and "puppet" state, respectively.

The KCNA said the participants, full of determination for revenge, burned an effigy depicting the "invaders and provocateurs," apparently referring to South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol and U.S. President Joe Biden.

The protesters also slammed Yoon's state visit to Washington as the "most hostile, aggressive and humiliating act of subjugating to the U.S." and a move to stage a "nuclear war" against the North, it added.

Yoon and Biden held a summit in Washington last week and announced the adoption of the Washington Declaration on strengthening U.S. extended deterrence against the North's threats.

Extended deterrence refers to the U.S. commitment to mobilizing all of its military capabilities, including nuclear, to defend its ally.

A throng of North Korean youths holds a protest rally at the Youth Park Open-Air Theatre in Pyongyang on March 22, 2023, over ongoing joint military exercises between South Korea and the United States on the Korean Peninsula, in this file photo released by the North's official Korean Central News Agency. (For Use Only in the Republic of Korea. No Redistribution) (Yonhap)

julesyi@yna.co.kr

(END)

en.yna.co.kr · by 이원주 · May 3, 2023

4. Young People Meet to Pledge Revenge on Enemies

Here is the NCNA report on the youth in north Korea gathering to protest the ROK//US summit.

I think it should be considered a measure of success of the summit that the regime is reacting negatively to it. Of course this might just be the first reaction that could build up to a 7th nuclear test.

But you do have to take a moment and admire the Propaganda and Agitation Department's use of rhetoric to express the regime's sentiments.

Young People Meet to Pledge Revenge on Enemies

https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1683094176-416666506/young-people-meet-to-pledge-revenge-on-enemies

Date: 03/05/2023 | Source: KCNA.kp (En) | Read original version at source

Pyongyang, May 3 (KCNA) -- Young people of the DPRK met at the Sinchon Museum on Tuesday to vow to resolutely annihilate the U.S., the peerlessly rogue state and the empire of evils, and the puppet group of traitors obsessed by confrontation with their fellow countrymen.

The meeting was attended by Mun Chol, chairman of the Central Committee of the Socialist Patriotic Youth League, Pak Thae Sop, secretary of the South Hwanghae Provincial Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, officials concerned and officials of the youth league and youths and students.

Speeches were made there.

The speakers branded the puppet traitor Yoon Suk Yeol's junket to the U.S. as a submissive, nuclear war junket which is the most hostile, aggressive and humiliating. And they bitterly denounced in the name of the Korean youth the conspiracies hatched by the master and the top-class stooge as a criminal, wild act that can be done only by those steeped in hostility toward the DPRK to the marrow of their bones.

The grim situation today, caused by the hostile intention and anti-DPRK moves of the U.S. imperialists and the puppet group getting evermore reckless, clearly proves the justness of the measures taken by our Party and the state to bolster the defence capabilities with the nuclear force as a pivot, the speakers said.

The 5 million youths of the DPRK will stand in the van of the sacred war to punish the hideous group that made nonsensical utterance against the dignified DPRK, they stressed, expressing their will to mercilessly annihilate the enemies keen on depriving us of our life, happiness and future.

They solemnly declared that the U.S. imperialists and the puppet group of traitors will be made to pay a dear price for their anti-DPRK act and remarks of denying the existence of our country, stating that the spirit of revenge of the young vanguard will bring victory in the war against the U.S. and south Korea.

Then, the participants in the meeting burned the aggressors and provocateurs in effigy, out of the mind to give death to the hateful enemies.

They chanted anti-U.S. anti-puppet slogans with their strong will to fight it out with the aggressors and war maniacs. -0-

www.kcna.kp (Juche112.5.3.)

5. Yoon voices hope for deeper S. Korea-Japan friendship

The 2d most important summit for the ROK and Japan.

Yoon voices hope for deeper S. Korea-Japan friendship | Yonhap News Agency

en.yna.co.kr · by 이해아 · May 3, 2023

By Lee Haye-ah

SEOUL, May 3 (Yonhap) -- President Yoon Suk Yeol voiced hope Wednesday for deeper friendship and cooperation between South Korea and Japan as he prepares to hold a summit with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida this weekend, his office said.

Yoon conveyed the wish during a meeting with Takeo Akiba, secretary general of Japan's National Security Secretariat, at his office, days before Kishida arrives in Seoul for a summit with Yoon on Sunday.

"The president stressed that South Korea and Japan, as partners pursuing common interests based on common values, must join forces and respond to the global polycrisis," presidential spokesperson Lee Do-woon said.

President Yoon Suk Yeol (R) shakes hands with Takeo Akiba, secretary general of Japan's National Security Secretariat, at his office in Seoul on May 3, 2023, in this photo provided by the presidential office. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)

Yoon noted the recent improvement in South Korea-Japan relations and the need to support exchanges between the two countries' youths in preparation for the future.

"The president said he believes the friendship and cooperation between South Korea and Japan will gradually expand amid a continuation of South Korea-Japan shuttle diplomacy," Lee said.

Kishida's two-day visit to Seoul will mark the resumption of shuttle diplomacy, or regular visits to each other's countries, by the two countries' leaders as it follows Yoon's visit to Tokyo in March.

Yoon's March visit came after his administration's decision to compensate Korean victims of Japan's wartime forced labor without contributions from Japanese firms.

He was the first South Korean president to pay a bilateral visit to Japan in 12 years as the bilateral relationship frayed badly over the forced labor issue and other historical disputes stemming from Japan's 1910-45 colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula.

Lee said Akiba thanked the South Korean government for helping transport Japanese nationals out of war-torn Sudan during its recent evacuation operation.

Akiba also conveyed Kishida's message that he highly assesses Yoon's "courageous decision" to pursue an improvement in bilateral ties, and decided to reciprocate Yoon's visit "to return (the sentiment) at least a little."

The Japanese official held a separate meeting with National Security Adviser Cho Tae-yong and the two sides discussed preparations for Kishida's upcoming visit, according to the presidential office.

In particular, the two agreed on the growing threat posed by North Korea's nuclear and missile programs and on the need for South Korea and Japan, and for South Korea, Japan and the United States, to work more closely together to thoroughly implement sanctions and U.N. Security Council resolutions against the North.

The two sides also held the inaugural session of an economic security dialogue Yoon and Kishida agreed to launch during their March summit, and exchanged views on enhancing supply chain resiliency, emerging technologies, the response to climate change and energy security.

hague@yna.co.kr

(END)

en.yna.co.kr · by 이해아 · May 3, 2023

6. Top general visits western border units amid N. Korean threats

I would ask for an assessment of what kind of activity they are observing within the DMZ. What kind of activities is the nKPA conducting?

And given the declining demographics and smaller military, is it time to bring US forces back to patrolling the DMZ? But this time instead of a US only sector, they should integrate US and ROK forces within the ROK division areas of responsibility on a rotational basis to improve interoperability and give the US forces rotating to Korea a significant mission. And because there is a sense of company about the 28,5000 troops present in South Korea (almost as a fixture of the landscape), perhaps this would be a visible renewal of the US commitment to the defense of the ROK. (And it is a great mission for infantry small units).

Top general visits western border units amid N. Korean threats | Yonhap News Agency

en.yna.co.kr · by 채윤환 · May 3, 2023

SEOUL, May 3 (Yonhap) -- South Korea's top military officer visited Army units near the western border Wednesday to inspect their readiness against North Korean threats, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) said.

JCS Chairman Gen. Kim Seung-kyum's visits to the 25th Infantry Division's headquarters in Yangju, north of Seoul, and other units came amid concerns over possible North Korean military activities in response to recent efforts from Seoul and Washington to bolster extended deterrence against Pyongyang's threats.

At the division's headquarters, Kim said North Korea is expected to carry out a provocation in a way different from the past and called for "substantive" response measures, according to the JCS.

Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) Chairman Gen. Kim Seung-kyum (R) speaks to 25th Infantry Division troops stationed at a guard post inside the Demilitarized Zone on the western frontline on May 3, 2023, in this photo provided by the JCS. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)

"By responding overwhelmingly, we must leave the impression that the price of provocation is only harsh punishment," Kim was quoted as saying.

Kim also visited a front-line guard post operated by the division inside the Demilitarized Zone, which separates the two Koreas, and inspected troops preparing for seasonal operational changes. He also visited an Army air unit in charge of defending the western front area earlier in the day.

Last week, President Yoon Suk Yeol and U.S. President Joe Biden held a summit in Washington and agreed on measures to strengthen the U.S. extended deterrence commitment to South Korea, such as the deployment of a ballistic-missile submarine to the country.

Extended deterrence refers to Washington's stated commitment to using the full range of its military capabilities to defend its ally.

yunhwanchae@yna.co.kr

(END)

en.yna.co.kr · by 채윤환 · May 3, 2023

7. U.S. Nuclear Submarine to Arrive in Mid-May

U.S. Nuclear Submarine to Arrive in Mid-May

english.chosun.com

May 03, 2023 09:50

A nuclear-armed U.S. submarine arrives in Busan in mid-May in accordance with an agreement to strengthen nuclear protection of South Korea struck by presidents Yoon Suk-yeol and Joe Biden on April 26.

Its arrival in Busan is expected to coincide with the G7 summit on May 19-21 in Hiroshima, Japan. It will be the first U.S. strategic submarine to come here in 42 years.

A senior government official here told the Chosun Ilbo, "The deployment will be a show of force to warn North Korea that if it launches a nuclear attack, it'll meet its doom."

Nuclear ballistic submarine USS Maine arrives at a naval base in Guam on April 25. /Courtesy of the U.S. Navy

In a statement on April 27, the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command said the U.S. "will also enhance the visibility of its strategic assets in the region under the joint declaration to include an upcoming visit of a nuclear-armed ballistic submarine to South Korea."

But for security reasons, details of the submarine's port call at Busan will not be announced beforehand, a U.S. military source said.

The vessel is probably a 170 m-long and 12.8 m-wide Ohio-class submarine with a displacement of 18,750 tons, the largest ever built for the U.S. Navy. The most likely candidate is the USS Maine that arrived in Guam recently.

• Copyright © Chosunilbo & Chosun.com

english.chosun.com

8. Ruling party heaps praise on Yoon for breakthrough in relations with Japan

There should be no doubt that President Yoon has displayed enormous political courage in his attempts at rapprochement with Japan.

Ruling party heaps praise on Yoon for breakthrough in relations with Japan | Yonhap News Agency

en.yna.co.kr · by 강재은 · May 3, 2023

By Kang Jae-eun

SEOUL, May 3 (Yonhap) -- The ruling People Power Party (PPP) praised President Yoon Suk Yeol on Wednesday for making a breakthrough in long-stalled relations with Japan after Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced he will visit South Korea this weekend.

Kishida, set to arrive Sunday for a two-day trip, will be the first Japanese prime minister to make a bilateral visit to South Korea in 12 years, and represents the latest sign that the relations between the two countries, long frayed over forced labor and other historical issues, are warming.

The trip reciprocates a visit Yoon made to Tokyo in March after offering to resolve the issue of wartime forced labor by compensating victims without contributions from Japan. It marks the resumption of "shuttle diplomacy" of the leaders of the two countries visiting each other at least once a year.

"This represents starting future-oriented relations between the two countries by putting shuttle diplomacy into operation in earnest," PPP spokesperson Kang Min-kuk said. "President Yoon's courageous decision from a broader viewpoint has become a new starting point for relations between South Korea and Japan."

"It is the right time to cooperate with Japan for mutual interests, and peace and development of the international community in the face of threats from North Korea's ever-advancing nuclear program," the lawmaker said.

National Assembly Deputy Speaker Chung Woo-taik of the PPP also described Yoon's summit with Kishida, set for Sunday, as a "diplomatic accomplishment," saying it will provide "momentum" in repairing frayed ties with Japan.

"It is the time for the Japanese prime minister to muster up courage," Chung said in a social media post. "He should show sincerity in apology and remorse beyond the level shown in March of inheriting the perceptions of past Japanese governments so as to open a new future in Korea-Japan relations."

In this file photo, National Assembly Deputy Speaker Chung Woo-taik (R) speaks with Foreign Minister Park Jin at the National Assembly in Seoul on April 12, 2023.

Rep. Chung Kyung-hee of the PPP also said normalizing relationships with Japan should be the country's "No.1 task" and South Korea should strengthen trilateral security cooperation with the United States and Japan in order to contain threats from North Korea, China and Russia.

The main opposition Democratic Party (DP), however, strongly criticized Yoon's diplomacy toward Japan, claiming Yoon has given Tokyo too many concessions in exchange for little and urging him not to repeat the same mistake.

"In this Korea-Japan summit, I hope the mistakes of the previous summit riddled with disgrace and humiliation won't be repeated," Rep. Lee Jae-myung, chairman of the DP, said during a meeting of the party's Supreme Council.

Lee also stressed that the two leaders should reconsider the solution to the forced labor issue from square one, and that Kishida should offer a sincere apology to South Korean people and victims of the forced labor.

Lee also urged Japan to call off its plan to release contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant crippled by an earthquake and a tsunami in 2011, and agree to a joint investigation by experts of the two countries.

Main opposition Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung speaks at a Supreme Council Meeting held at the National Assembly in Seoul on May 3, 2023.

fairydust@yna.co.kr

(END)

en.yna.co.kr · by 강재은 · May 3, 2023

9. Shuttle diplomacy to be resumed with Kishida’s visit to Seoul

More good news. Slowly they are making progress.

Shuttle diplomacy to be resumed with Kishida’s visit to Seoul

donga.com

Posted May. 03, 2023 08:01,

Updated May. 03, 2023 08:01

Shuttle diplomacy to be resumed with Kishida’s visit to Seoul. May. 03, 2023 08:01. sanghun@donga.com,newjin@donga.com.

South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida will hold a bilateral summit meeting in Seoul on Sunday. The Japanese prime minister will make a visit to Seoul for two days from Sunday. This comes just one month after President Yoon’s visit to Tokyo for a summit in March this year.

The South Korean presidential office officially confirmed the summit through a press release on Tuesday, saying, “Prime Minister Kishida plans to make a working visit to South Korea.” The office explained that “President Yoon invited Prime Minister Kishida to Seoul during his visit to Japan in March, and through Mr. Kishida’s visit, shuttle diplomacy between the two leaders will be in full swing.” The Japanese Foreign Ministry also announced Kishida’s visit, stating that “the visit is in accordance with their agreement to resume shuttle diplomacy.” Reportedly, Kishida is coordinating meetings with Korean business leaders during his stay.

This will mark the first visit to South Korea by a Japanese prime minister in 12 years since the visit by former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda to Seoul in October 2011. Kishida’s wife, Mrs. Yuko Kishida is scheduled to accompany him.

President Yoon and Prime Minister Kishida are expected to focus on enhancing security cooperation to address North Korea’s nuclear and missile threats. They are also expected to discuss cooperation in fields such as supply chain and advanced technology. Prior to the summit, on Wednesday, National Security Office Chief Cho Tae-yong and Japanese National Security Advisor Akiba Takeo will hold bilateral high-level security talks and a discussion on the launch of the National Security Council (NSC) economic security dialogue. The launch of the economic security dialogue is a follow-up measure to the Korea-Japan summit in March.

It remains to be seen whether Prime Minister Kishida will make any progress in responding to South Korea’s proposed compensation for the victims of forced labor during Japan’s colonial rule, but it is reported that the Japanese government is still showing reluctance towards making apologies for past wrongdoings.

한국어

donga.com

10. Shooting range for U.S. Forces Korea to be built in Changwon

Come on. Have we not learned our lessons?

Whoever made this statement must understand how this undermines the SOFA and the alliance. We (the ROK/US alliance) really are lousy at strategic communications and thinking through the domestic political implications of our actions. In this case the fault seems to lie with MND. But we should understand the 2d and 3 d effects of our statement and actions. Surely public opposition to the SOFA could increase because of this.

The Defense Ministry did not consult with the local government because the project is based on the Status of Forces Agreement, which governs the legal status of U.S. troops stationed in the country, and is not subject to domestic laws.

Wednesday

May 3, 2023

 dictionary + A - A 

Shooting range for U.S. Forces Korea to be built in Changwon

https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2023/05/03/national/defense/firing-range-USFK-Changwon/20230503094859220.html

Korean and U.S. service members participate in a firing training at a range in Pocheon, Gyeonggi, on April 20. [YONHAP]

The Defense Ministry and U.S. Forces Korea have begun work to construct a shooting range for U.S. troops in Changwon, South Gyeongsang, without prior notification to the local authorities, sources said Tuesday.

According to city officials and local politicians, logging work to build the firing range began in March on a hill in downtown Changwon.

There are apartment complexes with over 1,100 units, shopping centers and industrial parks within a 1.5-kilometer (0.93 mile) radius of the location, they noted.

Local authorities were unaware of the project until residents raised complaints over possible noise, safety risks and other negative impacts on the community.

The Defense Ministry did not consult with the local government because the project is based on the Status of Forces Agreement, which governs the legal status of U.S. troops stationed in the country, and is not subject to domestic laws.

The ministry has yet to disclose any details of the project or plans for operating the shooting range, citing military secrecy.

"Given residents' concerns about potential noise and safety accidents, we will convey such worries and urge measures to prevent such incidents from occurring," a city official said.

Yonhap

11. Korean arms companies are on the front lines of defense here and abroad

More on Korea as a partner in the Arsenal of Democracy.

Wednesday

May 3, 2023

 dictionary + A - A 

Korean arms companies are on the front lines of defense here and abroad

https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2023/05/03/business/industry/Kdefense-Korea-defense-industry-Hanwha-Aerospace/20230503190006386.html

President Yoon Suk Yeol delivers opening remarks for a strategy meeting concerning arms exports at the Korea Aerospace Industries in Sacheon, South Gyeongsang, on Nov. 23, 2022. [JOINT PRESS CORPS]

Hanwha Aerospace, Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), LIG Nex1, Hyundai Rotem and Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME) are on the front lines of Korea's defense industry.

Established in 1977, Hanwha Aerospace is the sole producer of aircraft engines in Korea and specializes in manufacturing engines, aircraft components and developing defense systems. Hanwha Aerospace recently received a conditional approval from the Fair Trade Commission to acquire DSME to add a shipbuilding component to its arms portfolio.

KAI is a leader in the national aviation industry and was established in 1999 when the government consolidated aircraft makers to merge their aviation capabilities into one.

LIG Nex1 specializes in developing weapon systems such as precision guided munitions, surveillance and reconnaissance radar and communication systems.

Hyundai Rotem is a heavy industry company contributing to national security by developing tanks and armored vehicles.

DSME is one of the "Big Three" Korean shipbuilders, along with Hyundai Heavy Industries and Samsung Heavy Industries, that has supplied Korea and others with warships for more than four decades.

These companies have seen a surge in orders as more countries — especially in Europe — are significantly upping their arms budgets in the wake of the Russia-Ukraine war.

The quintet had a total order backlog worth 100.5 trillion won ($74.9 billion) as of the end of last year. Hanwha Aerospace topped the list with 52.7 trillion won, tailed by KAI at 24.6 trillion won, LIG Nex1 at 12.3 trillion won, DSME at 6.4 trillion won and Hyundai Rotem at 4.5 trillion won.

Experts say the Korean defense industry may benefit from the tension among blocs in the era of a "New Cold War."

"Opportunities for Korean defense companies will enlarge as established arms exporters such as the United States fail to meet the global weapons demand," said Lee Sang-heon, an analyst at Hi Investment & Securities. "Above all, Korean weapon systems are highly compatible with U.S. weapons because they are developed in accordance with NATO standards."

Hanwha Aerospace

K-9 Thunder self-propelled howitzers participate in a live fire exercise at a firing range in Paju, Gyeonggi, on Sept. 30, 2022. [REPUBLIC OF KOREA ARMY]

Hanwha Aerospace merged with Hanwha Group’s two other defense sections — Hanwha Defense in December last year and Hanwha Munitions on April 1 — and strengthened its presence in the aerospace and arms industry.

The K-9 self-propelled howitzers are Hanwha Aerospace’s best-selling weapons system, operated by nine countries. The K-9 User Club, a meeting for countries operating the K-9 Thunders to share know-how and experiences in operating the artillery system, had its second gathering in Norway in February. The K-9 accounted for more than 50 percent of the world’s self-propelled artillery exports market in the 21st Century and is expected to near 70 percent once scheduled contract volumes are delivered.

Hanwha Aerospace is leading the domestic aircraft engine sector. Aircraft equipped with Hanwha-made engines include the F-15K fighter jets, T-50 trainer jets and Surion utility choppers. The aerospace company led the integrated development of the next-generation fighter K-21 Boramae’s engines and localization of major parts of the homegrown aircraft through a technology partnership. Hanwha’s engine technology is also implemented in the Nuri rocket.

Hanwha is strengthening its export capabilities by opening more overseas subsidiaries. Its European and Middle Eastern child companies are due in the first half of this year and are expected to back the exports of additional batches of K-9s and K-239 Chunmoo multiple rocket launchers to the two regions. It currently has subsidiaries in the United States and Australia.

The K-239 multiple-launch rocket system (MLRS) can double the firepower of the M142 Himars (high mobility artillery rocket systems) and are capable of firing artilleries of various calibers: K-136 Kooyong’s 130-millimeter rockets, M270 MLRS’ 227-millimeter rockets and 230-millimeter guided rockets. Hanwha Aerospace will begin delivering 288 Chunmoo units to Europe later this year following a 5-trillion-won ($3.7 billion) deal signed with Poland in November 2022 to supply the MLRS.

Hanwha Defense Australia’s AS-21 Redback is competing with Germany’s Rheinmetall KF-41 Lynx for Australia’s Land 400 Phase 3 program to renew the country’s infantry fighting vehicle force. Hanwha Aerospace USA formed a consortium with U.S. military vehicle supplier Oshkosh Defense to participate in the development project for the U.S. Army’s next-generation optionally manned fighting vehicle.

Korea Aerospace Industries

The FA-50 light attack jets fly in a formation during the Seoul ADEX 2021 exhibition event in October 2021. [MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE]

Hopes are high for the domestic aircraft FA-50, KF-21, Surion and light armed helicopter made by KAI in the global market.

A total of 138 T-50 trainer jets, including the FA-50 light attack aircraft variants, were sold overseas by last year. If the T-50 family jets operated by Korea’s Air Force are added to the tally, over 300 units will be in airspaces around the globe once all deliveries are made, the most among all aircraft that are equal in rank. The T-50 family maintains a competitive edge in the market with proven stability, superior performance and low operational maintenance cost.

The FA-50 Fighting Eagle is looking to enter the U.S. market, having secured a foothold in Asian and European markets. The U.S. Air Force’s trainers are near obsolete, and the U.S. Navy is also reportedly having difficulty conducting planned flight training on rusty wings and faulty engines.

Around 500 trainer jets are expected to be in demand in the near future for the Air Force’s Advanced Tactical Trainer, the Navy’s Tactical Surrogate Aircraft and the Undergraduate Jet Training System initiatives, expected to be in full motion within the next two to three years.

The success of the FA-50s opened opportunities for other indigenous jets.

Following its maiden flight in July 2022, the KF-21 Boramae reached supersonic speed and completed active electronically scanned array radar-equipped flights and nighttime flights this year. The 4.5-generation fighter jet also pulled off weapons-release tests last month. The KF-21, capable of serving the role of a 6th-generation future aircraft through manned-unmanned teaming, awaits market introduction in the 2030s.

This year marks the 10th anniversary of the KUH-1 Surion’s fielding and is expected to be the first year of its export. The Surion is the main utility helicopter for the Korean Army and is deployed by the police, fire, forest and coastal authorities as transport aircraft. The multi-role helicopter is an alternative platform for countries that operate Russian-made helicopters facing sanctions from the United States.

LIG Nex1

The LIG Nex1 Cheongung II missile interceptors [DEFENSE MEDIA AGENCY]

LIG Nex1 is a long-time arms developer and manufacturer that has bolstered Korea’s attempts to solidify its national defense capability.

Some of LIG Nex1’s major products include: midrange surface-to-air missile (M-SAM) system “Cheongung II” that intercepts low- and medium-altitude air and ballistic missile threats; multifunctional radar system “TPS-880K” that detects small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), combat aircraft and guided missiles; counter-battery radar “TPQ-74K” that detects enemy artilleries in counterfire warfare; man-portable anti-tank mid-range guided missile “AT-1K Raybolt”; coastal defense guided missile system “low-cost guided imaging rocket”; heavyweight torpedo “K-731 White Shark”; lightweight torpedo “K-745 Blue Shark”; and anti-submarine rocket “Red Shark.”

The arms manufacturer is currently developing a close-in weapon system to intercept supersonic anti-vessel missiles, electronic warfare equipment for vessels, a long-range surface-to-air missile (L-SAM), Korea’s first long-range air-to-surface missile and a long-range artillery interception system. 

LIG Nex1 is amassing efforts to research and develop core abilities for future warfare, including KF-21 Boramae’s avionics equipment, multipurpose unmanned helicopters, small reconnaissance drones, self-driving technology, UAV avionics, ground control system, manned-unmanned teaming, laser and hypersonic technology.

The company laid a new milestone for Korea’s defense industry when it signed a $3.5 billion contract to export Cheongung II M-SAM missiles to the Middle Eastern defense market in January last year.

The Cheongung II deal, with a number of system companies such as Hanwha and Kia, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises chipping in, boosts the nation’s industrial force as a whole by creating new, quality jobs and enhancing the guided weapons technology.

Hyundai Rotem

A Hyundai Rotem K2 battle tank arrives at a port in Poland on March 23. [HYUNDAI ROTEM]

The K-2 Black Panther is undergoing its third mass production in Korea, having earned global recognition for its superior performance. If Hyundai Rotem is able to provide a stable supply of its K-2 tanks, it will be able to increase its market presence on top of the growth in the K-2-related industrial ecosystem and stronger productivity.

Hyundai Rotem possesses a high-quality series tank lineup such as the K-600 combat engineering vehicles (CEV) in addition to the K-2 main battle tanks. The K-600 Rhino is a CEV optimized for demining that overcomes obstacle zones and secures a maneuverable road. The mine-clearing plows on the front of its frame pushes aside any buried mines. It also emits a magnetic field from its mine-disabling device to detonate and remove magnetic mines.

The K-806 and K-808 White Tigers are armored personnel carriers (APC) suitable for modern warfare with a high frequency of limited warfare. The two models are capable of transporting troops rapidly and breaking through rough terrain. 

The K-806 is a 6x6 APC for troop transport and reconnaissance missions, and the K-808 is an 8x8 infantry fighting vehicle with reinforced maneuver capabilities fit for harsh conditions.

Some other improvements in the K-808 compared to K-806 are the run-flat tires that allow driving with a punctured tire and the central tire inflation system that automatically adjusts tire inflation based on the road contact pressure. Its surface propulsion system ensures enhanced mobility in mountainous and riverine terrains.

The next on the agenda for Hyundai Rotem’s research and development is unmanned systems.

The HR-Sherpa is a civilian and military multipurpose unmanned vehicle equipped with a six-wheel electric driving system and capable of 360-degree rotation. Its airless tires enable continuous missions free of tire punctures. The unmanned ground vehicle serves different purposes — security, reconnaissance, fire support and evacuation of the wounded and supplies — by varying the devices equipped on board. It is also capable of unmanned driving, such as remote driving, leader-follower driving and waypoint-based autonomous driving.

Implementing the technology used in HR-Sherpa, Hyundai Rotem delivered the multipurpose unmanned ground vehicle, the nation’s first unmanned military vehicle, to the Korean Army last year.

Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering

ROKS Eulji Mundeok, first from the right, participates in a field training event in the waters of West Sea on March 21. [REPUBLIC OF KOREA NAVY]

The 7,000-ton Aegis destroyers and 209-ton, 214-ton and 3,000-ton submarines are built at DSME's Okpo Shipyard in Geoje, South Gyeongsang, and exported overseas.

DSME registered as a defense industry company in 1981 and has built 105 warships since. Notable exports include the logistic support vessel (LSV) contract for the British Navy’s first-ever overseas vessel order, a contract for an LSV with hospital ship functions for the Norwegian Navy, and Korea’s first submarine export.

Starting with the patrol combat corvette ROKS Anyang, delivered to the Korean Navy in 1983, the shipbuilder has produced 1,500-ton frigates, patrol vessels and patrol boats for over 30 years. It built more than 40 surface vessels to boost naval power, including three 3,000-ton destroyers, three 4,000-ton destroyers and one 10,000-ton destroyer through the Korean Destroyer eXperimental, or KDX, destroyer projects.

The KDX-III ROKS Yulgok Yi I (DDG-992) is equipped with world-class anti-ship, anti-air and anti-submarine capabilities. The destroyer can detect 1,000 targets simultaneously and strike 20 at the same time.

DSME has built nine 209-ton, three 214-ton and four 3,000-ton submarines over three decades since it was first contracted to deliver the 209-ton ROKS Jang Bogo to the Korean Navy in 1983.

When DSME won a deal from Indonesia’s Defense Ministry in December 2011 to build three 1,400-ton submarines for $1.1 billion, Korea became the fifth country in the world to export a submarine.

DSME was contracted by the Korean Navy to build the 3,000-ton Jangbogo-III submarines in December 2012. ROKS Dosan Ahn Changho, the first domestically-developed submarine and the lead ship of the Jangbogo-III Batch 1 vessels, was delivered to the Navy in August 2021. The second Jangbogo-III submarine ROKS Ahn Mu was delivered on April 20. Two vessels of Jangbogo-III Batch 2 are currently under construction in DSME’s special ship shipyard.

BY SOHN DONG-JOO, CHOI HYUN-MOK [sohn.dongjoo@joongang.co.kr]

12. The ball is in Kishida’s court

A Korean perspective.

Tuesday

May 2, 2023

 dictionary + A - A 

The ball is in Kishida’s court

https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2023/05/02/opinion/editorials/Yoon-Suk-Yeol-Fumio-Kishida-return-visit/20230502202507451.html

Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida will pay a visit to Seoul for two days from Sunday to Monday in return for President Yoon Suk Yeol’s visit to Tokyo last month. The two governments have started preparations for the summit between the leaders of the two countries. Kishida’s trip to Seoul will be the first visit by a Japanese prime minister after Shinzo Abe’s visit in February 2018.

Domestic and international political developments have led to the earlier-than-expected return visit by the Japanese prime minister. Kishida has earned confidence in his governance with his approval rating running above 50 percent after his Liberal Democratic Party won the local elections in April. U.S. President Joe Biden’s emphasis of the tripartite cooperation during his meeting with President Yoon in the last week of April also contributed to expediting Kishida’s visit to Seoul.

The Japanese prime minister’s visit carries special meaning as it signifies the official resumption of the “shuttle diplomacy” between leaders of the two countries, which was suspended for 12 years. The two countries’ relations had soured to the worst after the Korea’s Supreme Court ruled in October 2018 in favor of the Korean plaintiffs demanding compensations for their forced and unpaid labor by their Japanese employers during the Pacific War. A mutual relationship can be normalized through Kishida’s return visit to Seoul.

The visit cannot solve all the complicated and multiple issues between the two countries. Still, the visit must not be wasted so that they can act as a turning point in reestablishing their bilateral relationship. To do so, Kishida must convince the Korean people with actions corresponding to Yoon’s amicable gestures to Tokyo.

First of all, the Japanese prime minister should be unequivocal in his apologetic narrative on past issues and towards wartime forced labor victims. He must be reciprocal to Yoon who had offered a solution to the impasse over the top court’s ruling despite political risks at home. Second, Tokyo must expedite the procedures to restore Korea’s status on the white list subject to favors in trade. Any of the remaining stumbling blocks to bilateral ties must be removed fast.

South Korea and Japan share the common danger of North Korean nuclear missile threats. The two countries must strengthen trilateral ties together with the U.S. on top of Washington’s containment over Beijing. Kishida must solve historical issues with his upcoming visit so that Korea, the U.S., and Japanese leaders can move onto economic issues at the Group of Seven summit from May 19 through 21 in Hiroshima. Such moves are strategically important to all three countries.

13. [Alliance in Action] S. Korea, US should aim to render NK nuclear weapons useless

Excerpts:

Steinberg views China’s noncooperation on North Korea policy as “very counterproductive,” while forecasting that China won’t lend support to the US unless the US and China figure out a way to change the current course of the relationship.

“At the end of the day, Chinese are going to do this if they think it's in their own interest,” he said. “We’re not going to plead with China to do it. We’re not going to threaten China.”

For now, the US’ best option is to make China realize that its attempt to shape North Korea policy in the context of US-China relations is a “mistake.”

“We just need to be very clear and unequivocal in saying that there are two choices here, which are that either they can help us or they can run the risk that the situation will get out of hand and that won’t be good for anybody,” Steinberg said. “But we’re ready for this and if they really want to tolerate that risk, then they better be ready for it, too.”

[Alliance in Action] S. Korea, US should aim to render NK nuclear weapons useless

koreaherald.com · by Ji Da-gyum · May 3, 2023

James Steinberg, who served as US deputy secretary of state from 2009 to 2011, speaks during an interview on the sidelines of the Asan Plenum 2023, marking the 70th anniversary of the South Korea-US alliance, held at the Grand Hyatt Seoul on April 25. Steinberg is currently the dean of Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies in Washington. (Asan Institute for Policy Studies)

South Korea and the United States should focus on rendering North Korea’s nuclear arsenal useless to gain the upper hand over North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, according to former US Deputy Secretary of State James Steinberg.

Pyongyang’s expansion of its nuclear weapon stockpiles won’t make that big of a difference as long as the allies project the perception to Kim that the use of even one nuclear weapon will undoubtedly result in the “instant end” of his regime.

“We need to be confident in the effectiveness of our deterrence and not be panicked by these provocations. What Kim Jong-un wants is for us to be panicked and feel that there’s an issue here,” Steinberg -- who started to deal with North Korean issues during the Clinton administration -- said in an interview on the sidelines of the Asan Plenum 2023 in Seoul on April 25. Steinberg currently serves as dean of Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies in Washington.

“This is the game they’ve been playing,” he continued.

North Korea has increased its nuclear saber-rattling against South Korea and the US. Kim urged his country to increase its nuclear arsenal exponentially and mass-produce tactical nuclear weapons able to strike within South Korean territory in his Jan. 1 speech intended to unveil his list of New Year's resolutions for 2023.

North Korea fired a record-breaking number of missiles last year, including more than 70 ballistic missiles. According to the South Korean military, by mid-April, North Korea had already conducted 11 discrete missile launches this year, including the test-firing of a new solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile.

“If we respond with hysteria to every one of these provocations, then we’re playing his (Kim’s) game. And we need to not play his game. We need to play our game,” said Steinberg, who served as the US deputy secretary of state from 2009 to 2011 in the Obama administration.

“The precise number of weapons he has doesn’t really make that big of a difference as long as we’re not freaked out,” he said.

South Korea and the US conduct a combined aerial exercise in conjunction with the deployment of US B-1B strategic bombers over South Korea on March 19. Combined flight operations provide the US and its allies the opportunity to improve interoperability and demonstrate a combined defense capability. (US Air Force)

Steinberg underscored that the key is to make sure that there’s no doubt in Kim Jong-un’s mind about the determination of the United States to respond overwhelmingly and decisively to any North Korean nuclear attack.

“The most important thing for Kim Jong-un is to stay in power,” Steinberg said. “As long as he believes that the US will be there and respond in a way that is absolutely decisive, it does limit the amount of risk he takes, no matter how much he may be backed into a corner,” he said.

During a joint news conference with South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol following the summit on April 26, US President Joe Biden publicly warned that a nuclear attack by North Korea against the US or its allies would result in the end of the Kim Jong-un regime.

Biden and Yoon also signed the Washington Declaration designed to enhance the alliance’s deterrence and readiness posture to address North Korean threats better through closer coordination.

Yoon said the two countries have promised to “respond swiftly, overwhelmingly and decisively using the full force of the alliance including the United States’ nuclear weapons” in the event of a nuclear attack by North Korea.

Steinberg also said in the interview, which was held a day before the Washington summit, that the allies should not be intimidated by the number of nuclear weapons that North Korea has but rather focus on how to remind Pyongyang that any use of such a weapon will result in the end of regime.

“Whether they have 30 or 60 (nuclear weapons) doesn’t change the game, if they know that even the use of one would be the end of the regime unequivocally. We can get into the numbers game,” he said. “But I don’t believe that’s how nuclear weapons work. I think nuclear weapons work at the level of understanding that any use would be the absolute end of the regime indisputably.”

US President Joe Biden (right) and South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol hold a joint press conference on April 26 in the Rose Garden at the White House. (Yonhap - Pool photo)

China on wrong path

Steinberg also highlighted the significance of projecting such a perception onto the Kim Jong-un regime, especially in the absence of support from China and Russia, in establishing a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula amid the intricate security dynamics compounded by the growing China-US rivalry and Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine.

The UN Security Council, for instance, has been unable to take any action to hold North Korea accountable for continuing ballistic missile launches in violation of multiple UNSC resolutions, due to persisting opposition from China and Russia, which are two of the five veto-wielding members of the council.

The closer alignment of China, North Korea and Russia has also created an environment conducive for the Kim Jong-un regime to be “more risk-tolerant and more willing to be provocative,” according to Steinberg.

Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin attend the presentation of a Haval F7 SUV produced at the Haval car plant located in Russia's Tula region, at the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia, June 5, 2019. (File Photo - Reuters)

Steinberg assessed that China has refrained from engaging in efforts to stop the development of North Korea’s nuclear and missile programs, as it has framed the issue within the context of strategic competition with the United States.

“Our view has always been that China has the same interest as the rest of us, which is that a nuclear North Korea is dangerous not because North Korea is going to attack China, but because it creates instability in the region, which is a problem for China,” Steinberg said.

“The problem that seems to have happened right now is that China, because of its adversarial relationship with the United States, is unwilling to do things that are in China’s interest simply because it’s something that the US also wants.”

Steinberg views China’s noncooperation on North Korea policy as “very counterproductive,” while forecasting that China won’t lend support to the US unless the US and China figure out a way to change the current course of the relationship.

“At the end of the day, Chinese are going to do this if they think it's in their own interest,” he said. “We’re not going to plead with China to do it. We’re not going to threaten China.”

For now, the US’ best option is to make China realize that its attempt to shape North Korea policy in the context of US-China relations is a “mistake.”

“We just need to be very clear and unequivocal in saying that there are two choices here, which are that either they can help us or they can run the risk that the situation will get out of hand and that won’t be good for anybody,” Steinberg said. “But we’re ready for this and if they really want to tolerate that risk, then they better be ready for it, too.”

By Ji Da-gyum (dagyumji@heraldcorp.com)

koreaherald.com · by Ji Da-gyum · May 3, 2023

14. Yoon calls for Indo-Pacific solidarity to ride out economic troubles

Yoon calls for Indo-Pacific solidarity to ride out economic troubles

koreaherald.com · by Im Eun-byel · May 3, 2023

President Yoon Suk Yeol pledged that Korea will contribute to building cooperative supply chains in the Indo-Pacific region through “partnership and solidarity” during an event held by the Asian Development Bank in Songdo, Incheon, on Wednesday.

“The pandemic has pushed the global economy into tremendous hardship,” Yoon said in his congratulatory address, citing Russia's invasion of Ukraine and fragmentation of the global supply network, among other factors. His remark came during opening session of the Manila-based international organization's 56th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors.

"These challenges are beyond the competence of any single nation and demand partnership and solidarity between countries,” he said.

The event kicked off Tuesday for a four-day run under the slogan “Rebounding Asia: Recover, Reconnect, and Reform.” It was the first time for the event to be held face-to-face since the pandemic began.

"As a key partner possessing world-class production skills and manufacturing capabilities in semiconductor, secondary cell and bio industries, Korea will actively participate in building cooperative supply chains with Asian nations," Yoon said.

Yoon also highlighted that South Korea will share its economic development experience with other ADB member states.

"Together with ADB member states, we will walk the path of solidarity for joint prosperity not only in Asia and the Indo-Pacific, but in the world," he said.

Yoon brought up the three principles of Korea's Indo-Pacific strategy: inclusiveness, trust and reciprocity, shared in November.

Yoon also highlighted that Kyeongin Expressway, which connects Incheon and Seoul was built in 1968 with the help of ADB loans. It was the first expressway in Korea.

“The expressway provided a stepping stone for Songdo to grow into a global city,” Yoon said, thanking the ADB.

Finance Minister Choo Kyung-ho echoed the view, sharing his gratitude towards the ADB.

"Thanks to the support from the ADB and the international community, Korea was able to achieve remarkable growth," Choo said in an opening speech, referring to how Korea has evolved from a recipient to donor country.

"Korea will continue to support the ADB both financially and intellectually," he said.

Choo mentioned the importance of partnership.

"(The COVID-19 pandemic) has taught us an important lesson. No matter how competent the group is, one cannot overcome enormous challenges when one is alone, the minister said.

“We need to address economic and geopolitical fragmentation and highlight the rules of fair trade once again,” Choo said.

ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa highlighted the multilateral lender's role in climate finance. The organization has been emphasizing the importance of climate action, announcing the launch of the Innovative Finance Facility for Climate in Asia and the Pacific finance program designated to combat climate change and K-Hub, an institution dedicated to climate change studies.

Asakawa pledged that ADB will work to support its member states.

“We know that climate events are causing destruction on a scale never seen before. Debt and other crises are limiting the ability of governments to meet the needs of their people, and millions of people are at risk of falling back into poverty and losing out on the opportunities of growing economies,” he said.

“Our work must always provide for good livelihoods and resilient communities and ensure opportunities -- for example, for women and girls to participate in high quality, green jobs; equip developing member countries to sustain growth and generate resources domestically; and support transitions that are just and equitable,” he said.

Top financial figures, including the heads of Korea’s top four financial groups and banks -- Shinhan, KB, Hana and Woori -- attended the conference.

Wednesday’s event was followed by the ADB Project Briefing, Governors’ Seminar, Korea Cultural Concert and Korea Reception.

President Yoon Suk Yeol pledged that Korea will contribute to building cooperative supply chains in the Indo-Pacific region through “partnership and solidarity” during an event held by the Asian Development Bank in Songdo, Incheon, on Wednesday.

"The pandemic has pushed the global economy into tremendous hardship,” Yoon said in his congratulatory address for the ADB’s 56th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors, citing Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the fragmentation of the global supply network, among other factors.

"These challenges are beyond the competence of any single nation and demand partnership and solidarity between countries,” he said.

The event kicked off Tuesday for a four-day run under the slogan “Rebounding Asia: Recover, Reconnect, and Reform.” It was the first time the event was held face-to-face since the pandemic began.

Yoon also highlighted that South Korea will share its economic development experience with other ADB member states.

"As a key partner with world-class production skills and manufacturing capabilities in semiconductor, secondary cell and bio industries, Korea will actively participate in building cooperative supply chains with Asian nations," Yoon said.

“The Asian region consists of countries with abundant resources, outstanding production and manufacturing capabilities, high technology, excellent human resources,” he said.

"Together with ADB member states, we will walk the path of solidarity for joint prosperity not only in Asia and the Indo-Pacific, but in the world," he said.

Finance Minister Choo Kyung-ho echoed the view, sharing his gratitude towards the ADB.

"Thanks to the support from the ADB and the international community, Korea was able to achieve remarkable growth," Choo said in an opening speech, referring to how Korea has evolved from a recipient country to a donor country in the ADB.

Choo also pointed out the rise of trade protectionism following the pandemic.

“We need to address economic and geopolitical fragmentation and highlight the rules of fair trade once again,” Choo said.

ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa explained the multilateral lender's role in climate finance.

“We know that climate events are causing destruction on a scale never seen before,” Asakawa said. “Our work must always provide for good livelihoods and resilient communities and ensure opportunities.”

As Asakawa said, the ADB organization has been emphasizing the importance of climate action, announcing the launch of the Innovative Finance Facility for Climate in Asia and the Pacific finance program designated to combat climate change and K-Hub, an institution dedicated to climate change studies.

Meanwhile, Bank of Korea Governor Rhee Chang-yong once again stressed it is too early to discuss a transition in monetary policy.

“Though many are questioning when the pivot in the central bank’s monetary tightening policy will come, when high inflation comes under control, then we can move on to think about a pivot,” Rhee said, during the governors’ seminar held later in the day.

Governors of Korea, Indonesia, India and Germany gathered to discuss policies to support Asia’s rebound after the pandemic.

“In the case of Korea, our inflation is going down. The inflation rate in April is lower than 4 percent but core inflation is still around 5 percent,” Rhee said, explaining that inflation remains above the 2 percent target level set by the BOK. Korea’s consumer price index fell to 3.7 percent in April, yet core inflation stood at 4.6 percent.

Rhee also commented that the recent string of bank collapses in the US were well-controlled, describing the US’ response to the crisis to be “an enormous achievement.”

“The current situation seems to be going in the right direction,” he said. He further added the bank crisis has limited impact in Korea due to structural differences.

Rhee assessed the Asian economy is doing “much better” than other regions overall, but that it needs to watch out for the impacts of foreign exchange pressure as the dollar prevails and other currencies remain weak.

Wednesday’s event was followed by the Korea Cultural Concert and the Korea Reception.

By Im Eun-byel (silverstar@heraldcorp.com)

koreaherald.com · by Im Eun-byel · May 3, 2023

15. NK builds rhetoric against Washington Declaration as justification for nuclear ambitions

Excerpts:

"There seem to be three reasons behind the North's exaggerated responses," said Hong Min, a senior researcher at the Korea Institute for National Unification.

"The top purpose is building up its own pretext to justify its nuclear programs. Regardless of the Washington Declaration, the North has been pursuing its nuclear programs, but it will blame the declaration for its nuclear ambitions, as if it has to develop nuclear weapons to deter risks from South Korea and the U.S."

Hong also said the North will likely exploit China's and Russia's angry responses against the Washington Declaration, as a tool to strengthen its ties with them and form a bloc resisting the U.S. China and Russia are showing tense responses to the Washington Declaration and Yoon's comments on the Taiwan Strait and the war in Ukraine.

The analyst also noted that the regime is informing North Koreans about details of the Washington Declaration through the Rodong Shinmun and other intra-regime propaganda outlets, in a bid to seek unity among its citizens and ratchet up public hostility against South Korea and the U.S.

NK builds rhetoric against Washington Declaration as justification for nuclear ambitions

The Korea Times · May 3, 2023

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un inspects what North Korea claims is the unmanned underwater nuclear attack craft "Haeil" in this photo carried by the North's Korean Central News Agency on March 24. Yonhap

By Nam Hyun-woo

North Korea is ratcheting up rhetoric against the Washington Declaration, a South Korea-U.S. agreement on nuclear-based deterrence against Pyongyang, in an apparent bid to justify its nuclear programs, according to Pyongyang watchers, Wednesday.

According to the North's official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), Wednesday, a group of young North Korean students held "a gathering for a resolution to firmly punish the treacherous and evil imperialist groups" of South Korea and the United States and "carried out a punitive ritual of burning effigies of invaders and provocateurs in order to bring death to the despicable enemies."

"As the wicked shape of the warmongering dotard of the United States and the vile henchman are ground to dust, the heat of punishment only intensified among the participants," the KCNA continued.

The KCNA did not clarify the meaning of effigies, the dotard and the vile henchman, but it is assumed they are references to U.S. President Joe Biden and South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol.

The propagandist article is the latest of the North's series of heated responses to the Washington Declaration, which Yoon and Biden signed during their summit in Washington, D.C., April 26.

The declaration is aimed at setting up a new Nuclear Consultative Group between Seoul and Washington to allow Seoul's voice in the U.S.'s nuclear planning stage related to its extended deterrence against Pyongyang, and the deploying of U.S. strategic assets, such as a nuclear ballistic missile submarine, to South Korea on a regular basis. The declaration is an outcome of Yoon and Biden's effort to counter the North's increasing nuclear threats.

On April 29, Kim Yo-jong, the sister of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, said the North would stage more provocative displays of its military might in response to the Washington Declaration while laying personal insults to Biden and Yoon.

Since then, the KCNA has been releasing a series of articles denouncing the security pact, citing its own "international security analysts," Chinese media and South Korean news articles which highlighted possible side effects of the Washington Declaration.

"There seem to be three reasons behind the North's exaggerated responses," said Hong Min, a senior researcher at the Korea Institute for National Unification.

South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol and U.S. President Joe Biden toast during their state dinner at the White House, Washington, D.C., April 26 (local time). Yonhap

"The top purpose is building up its own pretext to justify its nuclear programs. Regardless of the Washington Declaration, the North has been pursuing its nuclear programs, but it will blame the declaration for its nuclear ambitions, as if it has to develop nuclear weapons to deter risks from South Korea and the U.S."

Hong also said the North will likely exploit China's and Russia's angry responses against the Washington Declaration, as a tool to strengthen its ties with them and form a bloc resisting the U.S. China and Russia are showing tense responses to the Washington Declaration and Yoon's comments on the Taiwan Strait and the war in Ukraine.

The analyst also noted that the regime is informing North Koreans about details of the Washington Declaration through the Rodong Shinmun and other intra-regime propaganda outlets, in a bid to seek unity among its citizens and ratchet up public hostility against South Korea and the U.S.

"This ritual of burning effigies of South Korean leaders is not the first time but carries the significance that North Korea is now attempting to propagate its citizens with anti-South Korea and anti-U.S. sentiment in a long-term perspective. This means the North is not considering an engagement with the Yoon administration for a dialogue," Hong said.

Cheong Seong-chang, director of the Department of Reunification Strategy Studies at the Sejong Institute, also said the North seeks to exploit the Washington Declaration as a tool to blame Seoul and Washington for its nuclear programs, and will likely stage more explicit nuclear-related provocations aimed at a full-scale war with the South.

"In the statement by Kim Yo-jong, she noted 'the second mission of its nuclear deterrence,' which means unification with the South by using nuclear force," Cheong said.

"Given that, the North will likely stage war drills involving strategic nuclear weapons more explicitly, and will likely conduct its seventh nuclear test to escalate the tension further … Regarding the U.S., the North is anticipated to carry out tests for inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and underwater nuclear weapons to target the U.S. nuclear ballistic submarines."

Hong also said that the North will stage provocations starting from launching what it claims to be a "military reconnaissance satellite" in the future, then test launching of ICBMs at a "lower" angle. The North has thus far test-fired missiles at steeply lofted trajectories.

"Most importantly, the North is anticipated to make provocations with underwater weapons, such as submarine-launched ballistic missiles or cruise missiles, in a response to the U.S. promise to deploy nuclear ballistic submarines to South Korea," Hong said.

The Korea Times · May 3, 2023

16. Future of North Korea sanctions panel in limbo amid UN Security Council dispute

This is a significant issue. China and Russia (as well as north Korea of course) will be pleased to see the panel of experts disappear. Successful political warfare is being waged here.

Future of North Korea sanctions panel in limbo amid UN Security Council dispute

https://www.nknews.org/2023/05/future-of-north-korea-sanctions-panel-in-limbo-amid-un-security-council-dispute/

China and Russia’s opposition to UK member on Panel of Experts could paralyze its work if not resolved soon, sources say

Chad O'Carroll May 3, 2023

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The U.N. flag | Image: Joaquin Corbalan

Discord among representatives of the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council (UNSC) in New York has put a question mark over the future operations of the expert group tasked with monitoring North Korea sanctions implementation, multiple informed sources have told NK News.

The U.N. Panel of Experts, which produces in-depth biannual reports on DPRK sanctions violations, consequently faces what two former panel members described as an “unprecedented” situation threatening its ability to carry out ongoing work. 

The UNSC unanimously agreed in March to extend the mandate of the Panel through April 30, 2024. But a dispute developed last week between 1718 Committee representatives of P3 members (the U.S., U.K. and France) and China and Russia about the role of Eric Penton-Voak, the U.K. national coordinating the panel’s work, multiple U.N. sources with direct knowledge of the situation told NK News on condition of anonymity.

An important deadline passed on Sunday without the UNSC reaching a consensus on the future of Penton-Voak’s role, two informed sources said, resulting in a hold on all contracts of the other international experts working at the panel. The sources said the experts now have no access to U.N. buildings and could lose email and official phone access if the problem is not resolved soon.

If the contracts are not renewed before the end of May, the foreign experts on the Panel risk losing their visas to remain in the U.S., multiple U.N. sources and a former Panel member told NK News, indicating that this could trigger long-term delays on issuing new visas even if the UNSC subsequently resolves the issue over Penton-Voak.

One informed source said they doubted the UNSC could reach any consensus on the coordinator’s role soon, given the nature of China and Russia’s dispute with the P3. The source left open the possibility of an extended hiatus to panel operations

However, a diplomatic source told NK News that efforts to resolve the situation are ongoing and that a resolution remains possible in the days ahead. But this might involve ending or altering Penton-Voak’s tenure, according to another source.

A key question relates to China and Russia’s rationale for objecting to Penton-Voak’s ongoing role as Panel coordinator. The two countries have long opposed key aspects of the Panel’s work and have vetoed recent P3-led attempts to increase sanctions on North Korea over its long-range missile tests, raising the possibility that their objections are strategic in nature. 

• READ MORE: Toxic portfolio? The growing risks of Security Council discord over North Korea

“It may be that Russia and China have, for some reason, taken exception to Eric Penton-Voak [or] it may be that this is an attempt to torpedo the Panel of Experts,” a second former Panel member told NK News on condition of anonymity. “Whatever it is, it looks nasty.”

A U.N. diplomat in New York City told NK News on condition of anonymity that Beijing and Moscow are undermining Panel operations. 

“This is yet another example of China and Russia attempting to politically influence a U.N. body that is intended to be independent, objective and neutral,” the diplomat said.

But a spokesperson for Russia’s mission to the U.N. insisted that Moscow supports the Panel’s ongoing work, citing its recent agreement to extend the mandate in March. While stating that the mission cannot comment on internal proceedings, the spokesperson said Russia looks forward to “these proceedings being finalized as soon as possible.”

China’s mission did not respond to a NK News request for comment.

One observer told NK News that the growing impasse on North Korea sanctions issues at the U.N. suggests it is time to move away from the Panel of Experts approach and pursue a new system to monitor sanctions violations.

“China and Russia … [have] been obstructing the work of the Panel for several years, as the Panel’s investigations inevitably lead back to sanctions-busting by Russia and China,” said sanctions expert Joshua Stanton, author of the One Free Korea blog.

“The Panel’s important work must now be taken up by a post-U.N. coalition of states that share common interests and values — NATO states, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand,” he said, nations which are “already patrolling the skies and seas near North Korea for smuggling and have strong intelligence-sharing relationships.”

In the meantime, there is a risk that Panel members could walk away from their work if a resolution is not forthcoming.

“If this issue is not resolved, and no way is found for the individual Panel members to have valid contracts against which the Secretariat can pay them, then they will not be paid from today onwards,” the second former Panel member told NK News. 

“It is unlikely that the Panel members would continue to work in these circumstances,” they added. “Although the Panel would formally exist, it would be an empty shell.”

Edited by Bryan Betts

17. Will the New Nuclear Consultative Group Alleviate South Korea’s Deterrence Concerns?

The NCG should alleviate ROK concerns. But there is a lot of skepticism in South Korea. Therefore, a strong strategic communications plan is very necessary for the NCG to achieve some of the important strategic effects.

Excerpts:

While the NCG aims to address many concerns and improve the alliance, the creation of the consultative mechanism itself would not completely eliminate demands for nuclear armament in South Korea. In particular, nuclear weapon advocates in Seoul will likely claim that the NCG is insufficient if South Korea does not possess nuclear weapons or if U.S. nuclear weapons are not deployed on the Korean Peninsula. Nuclear advocates may continue to demand full NATO-like nuclear sharing with forward-deployed assets.

However, the creation of the NCG would effectively alleviate the South Korean government’s and the public’s concerns. The government is more focused on how to effectively cooperate with the United States on extended deterrence and reduce strategic uncertainties than on possessing nuclear weapons per se. Therefore, the establishment of consultation mechanisms for information sharing, nuclear strategy development, and implementation will play a sufficient role in alleviating its concerns. In addition, the creation of the NCG would also demonstrate to the publics of both countries the specific efforts the two governments are making to deter the nuclear threat from North Korea. This increased collaboration would help to build trust among South Koreans in U.S. pledges and help to dispel concerns regarding how the United States would respond in case of an attack.

With this in mind, the establishment of the NCG would significantly contribute to the stability of the Korean Peninsula without compromising nuclear nonproliferation principles. Most importantly, the NCG would represent a crucial step involving both the United States and South Korea in nuclear matters. This approach would shift the discussion from a “hardware solution” to a “planning solution,” significantly enhancing confidence in U.S. involvement in countering the North Korean nuclear threat on the Korean Peninsula, while leaving the ultimate decision to use nuclear weapons in the hands of the U.S. president.

Will the New Nuclear Consultative Group Alleviate South Korea’s Deterrence Concerns?

The establishment of the NCG represents a timely and measured response to changing domestic situations in South Korea as well as the growing nuclear threat from North Korea.

thediplomat.com · by Anna Dawes · May 2, 2023

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During South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol’s state visit to Washington honoring the 70th anniversary of the alliance between the United States and South Korea, he and U.S. President Joe Biden announced the Washington Declaration. This announcement paves the way for creating a Nuclear Consultative Group (NCG) between the two governments, modeled on nuclear consultative mechanisms within NATO. Through the NCG, the two allies would collaborate on the planning and execution of responses to potential nuclear use by North Korea.

This new framework would likely provide South Korea with a greater voice in preparing for nuclear retaliation, while the United States would still retain in control of its nuclear weapons. As North Korean threats of a preemptive nuclear attack and continued missile tests heighten South Koreans’ sense of vulnerability, the NCG aims to address this growing concern by reinforcing bilateral cooperation over U.S. nuclear strategy. However, a crucial question lingers: Can the NCG effectively address the core issue that may strain the alliance, namely South Korea’s growing demand for its own nuclear weapons program?

Seoul’s Uncertainties and Growing Demand for Self-Deterrence

The root cause of South Korea’s security concerns lies in North Korea’s escalating nuclear threat. However, the uncertainty surrounding South Korea’s national security stems from the South Korea-U.S. alliance itself. Specifically, the unknowns regarding how the United States would respond to a North Korean nuclear attack significantly impact South Korea’s response capabilities.

South Korea faces two main uncertainties: First, would the United States employ its nuclear weapons to counter a North Korean nuclear attack as promised? Second, if it does respond, when, where, and how would U.S. nuclear weapons be used on the Korean Peninsula?

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Knowing the answers to these questions is critical for South Korea. The country relies on the United States for a significant portion of its national security and has relinquished its right to possess nuclear weapons. However, if Washington fails to uphold its promise to respond to a North Korean nuclear attack, or if it carries out nuclear retaliation at an unexpected time and in an unanticipated manner, South Korea’s security could face even greater threats without an adequate means of response. Consequently, Seoul has historically been sensitive to changes or uncertainties in the reliability of U.S. defense pledges. If South Korea loses confidence in U.S. responses, it may seek alternative means to safeguard its security rather than waiting for these uncertainties to place the country in real danger.

These uncertainties have led to a growing demand for nuclear weapons in South Korea. In January 2023, Yoon himself suggested that if the current situation with North Korea continues to escalate without further intervention from Washington, South Korea might consider acquiring its own nuclear arms. While Yoon’s remarks were met with enthusiasm by South Korean nuclear advocates, they also raised strong concerns in the United States. In particular, South Korea’s nuclear proliferation could trigger the Glenn Amendment, which would require the U.S. to cut military and economic assistance, ultimately leading to cracks in the alliance.

However, Yoon’s statement does not mean that South Korea has decided on nuclear armament. Immediately after Yoon’s remarks, the South Korean government reaffirmed that it would comply with its nuclear nonproliferation obligations, and Prime Minister Han Deok-soo clearly stated in an interview with CNN that South Korea does not have any intention to develop nuclear weapons. Rather, Yoon’s statement actually reflected South Korea’s call for greater cooperation from the United States in nuclear planning and execution, as there are increasing concerns and complaints among South Koreans that the U.S. is not being transparent enough in its nuclear strategy.

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The NCG and Its Implications

Against this background, the establishment of the NCG represents a timely and measured response to changing domestic situations in South Korea as well as the growing nuclear threat from North Korea. It is important to note that the creation of the NCG would not grant South Korea the authority to decide on the use of U.S. nuclear weapons. The U.S. president would maintain sole authority to order the employment of U.S. nuclear weapons, and that would remain the case. Instead, this establishment would provide a mechanism for South Korea to be consulted in nuclear decision-making and have an opportunity to weigh in when the use of nuclear weapons is considered. Through this framework, South Korea would be able to express its voice at the highest level during a crisis.

Furthermore, a more transparent and consultative nuclear policy between the United States and South Korea would give Seoul insight into U.S. plans, which is crucial for South Korea’s own defense planning. Increased transparency in U.S. nuclear planning and implementation would help build South Korea’s confidence in its partner’s capability and willingness to employ its own forces under the joint defense posture. Ultimately, this will help South Korea in designing its force modernization and military strategies.

Moreover, the creation of the NCG serves to increase the credibility of U.S. extended deterrence by demonstrating a stronger commitment to retaliation in the event of a nuclear attack. The establishment of the NCG creates a “hands-tying” effect, making it clear that the United States would face significant consequences for reneging on its commitment. This provides assurance to South Korea that the U.S. would honor its extended deterrence promises in case of a North Korean attack. Thus, the NCG not only gives Seoul more influence over South Korea’s own national security but also reinforces the U.S. commitment to defend South Korea if needed.

Lastly, the Washington Declaration that established the NCG also reaffirmed South Korea’s commitment to remain in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, implicitly pledging not to pursue its own nuclear weapons capability. In this context, the South Korean government is committing to set aside the prospect of developing and deploying an independent nuclear arsenal, opting instead for a strong alliance-focused response.

Would the NCG Alleviate South Korea’s Nuclear Demands?

While the NCG aims to address many concerns and improve the alliance, the creation of the consultative mechanism itself would not completely eliminate demands for nuclear armament in South Korea. In particular, nuclear weapon advocates in Seoul will likely claim that the NCG is insufficient if South Korea does not possess nuclear weapons or if U.S. nuclear weapons are not deployed on the Korean Peninsula. Nuclear advocates may continue to demand full NATO-like nuclear sharing with forward-deployed assets.

However, the creation of the NCG would effectively alleviate the South Korean government’s and the public’s concerns. The government is more focused on how to effectively cooperate with the United States on extended deterrence and reduce strategic uncertainties than on possessing nuclear weapons per se. Therefore, the establishment of consultation mechanisms for information sharing, nuclear strategy development, and implementation will play a sufficient role in alleviating its concerns. In addition, the creation of the NCG would also demonstrate to the publics of both countries the specific efforts the two governments are making to deter the nuclear threat from North Korea. This increased collaboration would help to build trust among South Koreans in U.S. pledges and help to dispel concerns regarding how the United States would respond in case of an attack.

With this in mind, the establishment of the NCG would significantly contribute to the stability of the Korean Peninsula without compromising nuclear nonproliferation principles. Most importantly, the NCG would represent a crucial step involving both the United States and South Korea in nuclear matters. This approach would shift the discussion from a “hardware solution” to a “planning solution,” significantly enhancing confidence in U.S. involvement in countering the North Korean nuclear threat on the Korean Peninsula, while leaving the ultimate decision to use nuclear weapons in the hands of the U.S. president.

GUEST AUTHOR

Anna Dawes

Anna Dawes is a student researcher in UC Berkeley's Department of Nuclear Engineering, working with the PANDAS research group.

GUEST AUTHOR

Manseok Lee

Manseok Lee is a Ph.D. candidate at UC Berkeley, and a former associate researcher at the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. From June onwards, he will join the Korea Military Academy as an assistant professor of Political Science.

thediplomat.com · by Anna Dawes · May 2, 2023

​18. EDITORIAL | U.S., South Korea need resolve, unity

​

An editorial from the heartland (Minnesota).

EDITORIAL | U.S., South Korea need resolve, unity

startribune.com · by Editorial Board

Opinion editor's note: Editorials represent the opinions of the Star Tribune Editorial Board, which operates independently from the newsroom.

•••

State dinners are usually staid affairs, unlikely to result in a viral video. But the one held last week for Yoon Suk Yeol was the exception after the South Korean president crooned one of his favorite songs, "American Pie."

The musical interlude seemed fitting, given the harmony projected during meetings and the dinner with President Joe Biden, as well as Yoon's well-delivered and well-received address to a joint session of Congress. Despite some discordant notes — particularly after the "Discord Leaks" revealed U.S. surveillance of its Korean allies — the now 70-year bilateral relationship between the U.S. and South Korea is strong.

And given events on the Korean Peninsula and the broader geopolitical challenge of China's rise, it needs to remain so.

That's because North Korea shows no sign of relinquishing its nuclear arsenal. In fact, it's adding to it, along with a ballistic missile program that presents an evermore lethal threat to South Korea, Japan and even the continental United States.

China, North Korea's enabling ally, has its leverage over North Korea but won't use it. And Pyongyang seems to be solidifying its relationships with other authoritarian capitals, including Moscow. Not surprisingly, that's led many South Koreans — including, for a bit, Yoon himself — to openly question whether their nation should abrogate its inclusion in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and develop its own nuclear arsenal.

Yoon has wisely declined this route, and his stance is now bolstered by Biden's announcement of the "Washington Declaration," which includes "the establishment of a new Nuclear Consultative Group (NCG) to strengthen extended deterrence, discuss nuclear and strategic planning, and manage the threat to the nonproliferation regime posed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea," in effect giving Seoul more say in planning for any nuclear contingency — although it's clear that any decision on deploying nuclear weapons would remain with Washington.

In addition, as part of America's renewed commitment to the U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty, the U.S. has agreed to intermittently dock nuclear-armed submarines in South Korea for the first time in about 40 years. Joint-military exercises will increase, too. Biden bolstered these moves rhetorically by stating that "a nuclear attack by North Korea against the United States or its allies and partners is unacceptable and will result in the end of whatever regime were to take such an action."

The Washington Declaration "was really a move on the part of the U.S. to bring further assurance to South Korea — and, honestly, the region as a whole — that the U.S. extended deterrence, the U.S. nuclear umbrella, is just as strong as it's always been," Lauren D. Gilbert, associate director at the Atlantic Council's Indo-Pacific Security Initiative, told an editorial writer. It's "a way of saying that even if South Korea doesn't have its own nuclear weapons, the U.S. is there and ready to defend."

U.S. policy should continue to pursue the denuclearization of North Korea. But the U.S. and its Asian allies must be realistic that Pyongyang's dynastic dictatorship does not intend to use its arsenal as a bargaining chip but as a way to ensure the regime's survival. By clearly stating the stakes and even bringing nuclear weapons in closer proximity, it sends an unmistakable message to the North while defusing the political and public pressure in the South to proliferate.

Gilbert's reference to "the region as a whole" reflects the broader context of the challenge of a rising and more bellicose China. That's one of the factors in recent diplomatic breakthroughs between Seoul and Tokyo after years of strained relations over World War II "history issues" like forced labor and "comfort women." Yoon deserves great credit for the détente, which will lead to a more cohesive and thus effective front on security issues that only seem to be intensifying.

"At 70 years, we're definitely seeing continued strength in the alliance," Gilbert said. But, she added, "It's becoming more of a fully comprehensive relationship, rather than one focused purely on the military and defense aspect."

Indeed, while challenges will continue, as with any alliance, there's much that bonds the U.S. and South Korea beyond security concerns, including a commitment to democracy, integrated economies, and, increasingly, cultures, including hit Korean films, TV shows and music (from K-pop, not Korea's president), all of which bode well for the next 70 years of partnership and friendship.

startribune.com · by Editorial Board

19. U.S.-South Korean nuclear document focused more on reassurance than deterrence

Excerpts:

The Yoon administration achieved its objective of a more prominent voice in U.S. nuclear decision-making, and the bilateral alliance now includes a formalized nuclear role for South Korea. The extent of the change is unclear, but it’s unlikely to be publicly delineated given the sensitivity of discussion nuclear strategy. The U.S. president will retain full authority over the use of U.S. nuclear weapons; South Korean officials won’t be involved in nuclear targeting.

South Korean nuclear advocates will criticize the Washington Declaration since they seek nothing less than a full-fledged indigenous nuclear weapons program, regardless of the consequences for South Korea. While Mr. Yoon may have previously appeared to be on their side, it is now clear that he opposes a nuclear option. As such, advocates will now be swimming upstream to overturn government policy.

Less certain is the degree to which the South Korean public will embrace the new agreement with Washington. The Yoon administration will need an effective strategic messaging program to convince the populace that greater integration with the U.S., not an independent nuclear program, is better for South Korean national security.

Going forward, South Koreans will remain nervous over North Korea’s growing nuclear and missile arsenal, the regime’s escalating provocative behavior, and uncertainty over the future dependability of its American ally. Washington will need to show progress in incorporating South Korea into its nuclear planning to prevent another crisis in credibility.

U.S.-South Korean nuclear document focused more on reassurance than deterrence

Washington must show progress to prevent another crisis in credibility

washingtontimes.com · by The Washington Times https://www.washingtontimes.com

Illustration on nuclear weapons in South Korea by Alexander Hunter/The Washington Times more >

OPINION:

President Biden and South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol signed a bilateral nuclear agreement on April 26 that addressed U.S. concerns about allied nuclear proliferation and South Korean doubts of the viability of the American extended deterrence guarantee. How durable will this agreement prove to be?

The Washington Declaration was a response to a surge in South Korean advocacy for an indigenous nuclear weapons program or redeployment of U.S. tactical weapons to the Korean Peninsula. Both nations attained their objectives, but the accord could be undermined by either the escalating North Korean threat or the vicissitudes of American policies.

South Korea’s new nuclear advocacy was driven by several factors. The most obvious is North Korea’s escalating nuclear and missile threats. But there are also increasing doubts about whether the U.S. would risk nuclear attacks on its cities by North Korean ICBMs in defense of South Korea.

In addition, there is concern that a future isolationist U.S. administration could seek to degrade the bilateral alliance, as well as injured South Korean national pride at not having the nuclear status of some U.S. allies in Europe.

Nongovernment experts were most strident in pushing for an indigenous nuclear program, arguing that the United States would never fulfill its treaty obligations to defend South Korea if it risked American cities. Public polling showed strong domestic support, but responses were less positive when the consequences to South Korea of a nuclear program were explained.

The South Korean government repeatedly affirmed it didn’t seek any nuclear options but instead sought strengthened extended deterrence from the United States. Mr. Yoon was a wild card, several times suggesting support for nuclear options, only to have him or senior officials quickly walk back such statements.

In any case, South Korean officials were frustrated by a perceived U.S. lack of transparency on nuclear policy and sought greater involvement in nuclear planning and operations, possibly commensurate with NATO nuclear-sharing arrangements. Washington was reluctant to divulge sensitive nuclear information but, responding to growing South Korean government concerns and public nuclear advocacy, undertook a monthslong initiative to prevent a crisis in the alliance.

Washington increased nuclear information-sharing, enhanced bilateral consultations, initiated tabletop exercises that included North Korean nuclear-use scenarios, and escorted South Korean delegations to nuclear bomber and submarine bases. By the time of the presidential summit, South Korean officials privately expressed much greater confidence in the U.S. extended deterrence guarantee than at the beginning of the year.

In the Washington Declaration, the United States agreed to a new bilateral Nuclear Consultative Group, pledged to consult with South Korean leadership on use of nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula, and to enhance nuclear information-sharing, planning, exercises and cooperative decision-making. While not guaranteeing U.S. use of nuclear weapons in response to North Korean nuclear use, Washington affirmed that such North Korean action would lead to the end of the regime.

In return, South Korea affirmed its commitment to the Non-Proliferation Treaty and the bilateral U.S.-South Korean civilian nuclear agreement, as well as declaring its “full confidence in U.S. extended deterrence commitments,” thus firmly closing the door on an indigenous nuclear weapons program. Seoul also agreed to coordinate, if not indirectly integrate, its new Strategic Command with the U.S.-South Korean Combined Forces Command.

The Washington Declaration is focused more on enhancing reassurance to Seoul than increasing deterrence to Pyongyang. Last year, the U.S. and South Korea resumed large-scale conventional military exercises, repairing the degradation to alliance military readiness wrought by the unilateral 2018 U.S. decision to cancel and constrain combined exercises. Washington and Seoul announced they would increase military exercises this year, including at least 10 large-scale exercises.

In 2022, Washington also resumed rotational deployment of nuclear-capable strategic assets after a four-year hiatus, to enhance alliance deterrence against North Korea and reassure South Korea of America’s commitment. In 2022-23, the U.S. deployed strategic bombers, dual-capable fighter aircraft, submarines and aircraft carriers to the Korean Peninsula. Mr. Biden pledged to further enhance the regular visibility of strategic assets including the first visit of a ballistic missile submarine to a South Korean port in 40 years.

The Yoon administration achieved its objective of a more prominent voice in U.S. nuclear decision-making, and the bilateral alliance now includes a formalized nuclear role for South Korea. The extent of the change is unclear, but it’s unlikely to be publicly delineated given the sensitivity of discussion nuclear strategy. The U.S. president will retain full authority over the use of U.S. nuclear weapons; South Korean officials won’t be involved in nuclear targeting.

South Korean nuclear advocates will criticize the Washington Declaration since they seek nothing less than a full-fledged indigenous nuclear weapons program, regardless of the consequences for South Korea. While Mr. Yoon may have previously appeared to be on their side, it is now clear that he opposes a nuclear option. As such, advocates will now be swimming upstream to overturn government policy.

Less certain is the degree to which the South Korean public will embrace the new agreement with Washington. The Yoon administration will need an effective strategic messaging program to convince the populace that greater integration with the U.S., not an independent nuclear program, is better for South Korean national security.

Going forward, South Koreans will remain nervous over North Korea’s growing nuclear and missile arsenal, the regime’s escalating provocative behavior, and uncertainty over the future dependability of its American ally. Washington will need to show progress in incorporating South Korea into its nuclear planning to prevent another crisis in credibility.

• Bruce Klingner is senior research fellow for Northeast Asia at The Heritage Foundation and previously served as the CIA deputy division chief for North Korea. 

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washingtontimes.com · by The Washington Times https://www.washingtontimes.com

20.

De Oppresso Liber,

David Maxwell

Vice President, Center for Asia Pacific Strategy

Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies

Senior Fellow, Global Peace Foundation

Editor, Small Wars Journal

Twitter: @davidmaxwell161

Phone: 202-573-8647

email: david.maxwell161@gmail.com