Over the past decade, adoption of value-based payment (VBP) models has increased substantially. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation’s has launched multiple new models since its authorization, commercial payers have structured almost one-third of their payments as alternative payment models (APMs), and state Medicaid programs have increasingly included payment reforms in their waivers and Medicaid managed care contracts. Nevertheless, questions remain on how payment and care reforms can best reduce overall costs and improve quality, outcomes, and people’s experience of care.