By David Edsall
Chew on this: No one ever gained endurance, strength, or size from exercise. Exercise breaks muscle down—chemically and structurally. The gains? They come later, with sleep and protein.
Welcome to the Geezer Zone—for those who are or aspire to be Geezers and Geezettes. Here, we train smarter after 60. Today’s focus: Zone 2—the stamina hack. Especially for those with decades at a desk and newfound drive as Masters swimmers. It’s the key to swimming farther—without fading.
The Fading Rule:
If you fade at the end of your all-out 50 or 100 (or anything longer), you need Zone 2 training.
Secretariat vs. Sham
Remember trainer Lucien Lauren and Secretariat? He built workouts around 60% long, steady gallops and 40% speed, with ample rest. Meanwhile, Sham trained hard every day—intervals on intervals. Secretariat’s final Belmont quarters? 23.6, 22.6, 23.8, 24.4, 24.8, 25.0. Sham started at 23.6… and crawled home in over 27, dead last, later diagnosed with a stress fracture.
Secretariat finished pulling away, running his last half-mile faster than the second-place horse ran his first. The secret? Zone 2 endurance.
Back in the Day…
“No pain, no gain” ruled—championed by Lombardi, Councilman, and countless coaches. Rick Battistini lived it in Reaching for Gold, grinding through three brutal workouts a day on four hours of sleep and gas station snacks. Imagine the results with rest and protein in the mix.
The mantra now?
“Swim slower to race faster.”
What Is Zone 2?
Zone 2 is aerobic, fat-burning training that builds endurance by improving your body’s efficiency. It:
- Boosts mitochondria (your diesel tractors) up to 4x
- Trains them to burn lactate (your engine’s exhaust)
- Delays fatigue and improves stamina
Swim faster than Zone 2 and you start burning glucose, which:
- Is limited in supply
- Produces more lactic acid
- Burns "dirtier," overheating your system
- Lowers blood pH and performance
Here’s the kicker: Fat burns cleaner, yields twice the energy, and you’ve got plenty of it. Train your body to use it.
How to Train in Zone 2
Start simple: walking, biking, or easy swimming where you can still talk aloud. For beginners, aim for 50–55% of max heart rate (~80–90 bpm at age 60–65).
Max HR ≈ 220 – age (±20 bpm)
The Talk Test:
If you can talk, but haltingly, you're probably in Zone 2. As you improve, talking gets easier. Then, speed up—gradually.
Progression Goal:
Work toward 70–80% max HR. Beyond 80%, fat-burning stops being efficient.
Bonus: Better Mechanics
Zone 2 lets you focus on technique. If you're too gassed to think clearly, you're training too hard.
Fat Max & Biochemistry
Your Fat Max is the tipping point where your body shifts from burning fat to glucose. If you slip into Zone 3 during a workout, you won’t return to fat-burning mode for 15–20 minutes. That’s wasted training time.
Zone 2 Swim Workouts
How to Know You’re in Zone 2:
- Talk Test: Speak in between reps or sets
- Sprint Test:
- Swim a 50 all-out
- Add 30-50% of your time.
- That’s your Zone 2 pace
- Example: :30 sprint → :40-:45 Zone 2 interval
- Target Lactate: 1.7–2.0 mmol/L
- <1.3 is too low
- 2.0 means you’re drifting into Zone 3
Progression Guidelines:
- Start at 50–55% max HR
- Over weeks/months, build to 70–80%
- 30 minutes = minimum effective dose
- 60 minutes = max benefit
- Dip into Zone 3? You’ll need 15–30 min to get back on track
Sample Swim Workouts
🟢 Beginner (50–55% HR, ~80–90 bpm)
- Warm-Up: 200y easy freestyle
- Main Set: 1200y steady @ 2:20–2:25/100y
- Talk haltingly
- Pause mid-lap to talk/check HR
- Lactate goal: 1.7–2.0 mmol/L
- Cool-Down: 100y easy back or breast
- Total: ~1500y, 30–35 min
- Frequency: 2–3x/week for 6–8 weeks
- Avoid: HIIT or weights for now
🟡 Intermediate (60–70% HR, ~95–110 bpm)
- Warm-Up: 200y free + 100y kick
- Main Set: 1800y steady @ 2:05–2:15/100y
- Cool-Down: 150y mixed strokes
- Total: ~2150y, 45–50 min
- Frequency: Every other day for 10–12 weeks
- Tip: Weights OK after swim or on rest days
🔴 Advanced (70–80% HR, ~110–125 bpm)
- Warm-Up: 300y (free, back, kick)
- Main Set: 2400y @ 1:55–2:00/100y
- Max ½ length walk/rest
- Cool-Down: 200y easy
- Total: ~2900y, 55–60 min
- Frequency: 2–3x/week, alternate with speed days
Final Tip:
Progress every 4–6 weeks, aiming for 60-minute sessions.
Heart rate is helpful—but lactate is more precise. HR can be misleading; 110 bpm might mean 50% or 90% depending on your conditioning. A lactate meter like the EDGE is a game-changer.
David Edsall is a retired anesthesiologist and Masters Swimmer currently training to compete at World Aquatics Masters Championships in Singapore this August. David splits time between Hooksett, NH and Mesa, AZ, loves swimming in his Endless Pool and competes with the Granite State Penguins and New England Masters.
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