More than half of the new HVAC systems installed in California schools exhibited "significant problems" within three years, while most classrooms in the state fall below recommended ventilation rates, according to a 2003 study. A new white paper based on the study provides an HVAC assessment program for safe school reopening, which "is a very important step to getting kids back into a healthy and safe environment," according to Duane Davies, president of the California chapter of SMACNA.