A study by Ramsden et al. looked at the effect of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake and levels on headaches in adults who suffered from migraines. The study involved 182 participants with an average age of 38 years, who suffered migraines 5 to 20 days per month; 88% of the participants were women, and 67% met the criteria for having a chronic migraine diagnosis.
The study authors designed three different diets to be given to the participants for a total of 16 weeks:
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High Omega-3 diet (n=61): increased EPA+DHA intake to 1.5 g/day
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High Omega-3/Low Omega-6 diet (n=61): increased EPA+DHA intake to 1.5 g/day with LA intake decreased to 1.8% or less of energy intake
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Control diet (n=60): average US intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids – less than 150 mg/day of EPA and DHA, with LA intake of around 7% of energy
At the beginning of the study, participants indicated an average of 16.3 headache days per month and 5.4 headache hours per day. Average headache hours at the end of the study were
- 4.9 hours for participants on the control diet
- 3.6 hours for participants on the High Omega-3 diet
- 3.2 hours for participants on the High Omega-3/Low Omega-6 diet
At the end of the 16 weeks, those on the High Omega-3/Low Omega-6 diet and the High Omega-3 diet had significantly decreased frequency and severity of headaches compared to the control group. In addition, the High Omega-3/Low Omega-6 group had 4 fewer headache days per month than the control group at the end of the study, and 2 fewer headache days than the High Omega-3 group.
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