College of Dentistry Newsletter | February 4, 2021
Celebrating our extraordinary research!
Dr. Thomas Petro explores protein to ramp up COVID-19 antigens' impact

In the race to produce a COVID-19 vaccine, researchers are using a wide range of strategies, from first-of-their-kind mRNA approaches to tried-and-true inactivated vaccines to oral, nasal and probiotic-based formulations.

Thomas Petro, PhD, professor of microbiology and immunology in the department of oral biology at the UNMC College of Dentistry and a member of the Nebraska Center for Virology, is partnering with University of Nebraska-Lincoln virologist Asit Pattnaik, PhD, to eye yet another approach.

With support from the Office of Research and Economic Development's (ORED) COVID-19 Rapid Response Grant Program, Drs. Pattnaik and Petro are beginning to develop a vaccine framework that exploits the properties of a naturally-occurring nanoparticle in an effort to produce a stronger, longer-lasting immune response than other vaccine candidates. They also are taking a closer look at how SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, inhibits the immune system. See full article by Tiffany Lee, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Dr. Petro on the research: "Besides being used for components of COVID-19 vaccines, it is important to determine what the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are doing to the immune system in order to establish the infection. One of my roles is to evaluate the effect of two of the proteins of SARS-CoV-2, the M-protein and N-protein. In other coronavirus infections the M-protein dampens early Type I interferon responses, which are needed to fight the virus infection early on. We found that SARS CoV2 M-protein dampens this interferon pathway somewhat in a cell type called macrophages. But surprisingly we also found that these viral proteins greatly enhanced production of one of the inflammatory factors from the same cells. M-protein and/or N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 may be playing a role in the hyperinflammatory syndrome seen with COVID-19."
Dr. Aimin Peng to research DNA damage response and cancer therapeutics

Aimin Peng, PhD, associate professor in the department of oral biology at the UNMC College of Dentistry, received grant funding from the National Cancer Institute for his project, 'The novel role of microtubule regulators in the DNA damage response.'

"Radiation and chemotherapy are among mainstay treatment options for many types of cancer, including oral cancer. These forms of cancer treatment kill cancer cells largely by inducing cytotoxic DNA damage," Dr. Peng said. "Our overarching goal is to better understand the mechanism of the DNA damage response, and in turn, use the knowledge to guide the development of more effective and specific cancer therapeutics."

Some of the objectives of the project include identification and characterization of new factors of DNA damage repair, and delineating novel inter-organelle crosstalk between cytoskeleton factors and DNA damage responses.

"Oral cancer is an important area of dental research. We believe that our project will impact the current understanding of how cancer cells, including oral cancer cells, progress and evade existing therapeutics that induce DNA damage. The outcome will potentially guide the development of new cancer therapeutics with improved effectiveness and specificity," Dr. Peng said.
 
"I look forward to continuing to work with my College of Dentistry colleagues and advancing our research interests in oral cancer."
Researcher Spotlight:
Dr. Shayla Yoachim

Shayla Yoachim, PhD, assistant professor in the department of oral biology, collaborated with Dr. Karen Gould and student Jared Graham in the UNMC Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy to investigate the impact of estrogen receptor alpha signaling on lupus susceptibility and disease progression in B6.Sle1a and B6.Sle1b congenic mice. 

Their work, published in 'Frontiers in Immunology' in November 2020, demonstrates that estrogen signaling is required for the female sex bias in autoimmune phenotypes observed in B6.Sle1b mice. See journal article.
Schedule for Friday, Feb. 26

12:30 - 3:30 p.m. - Virtual Research Presentations
Third-year dental students, fourth-year dental hygiene students and postgraduate students will present their oral health research projects. Each presentation will be 10 minutes long. There will be a wide range of research topics spanning from clinical and basic sciences to educational research. Most of the research has taken a year or more to conduct.

3:30 - 4:30 p.m. - Virtual Keynote Speaker
Mark Herzberg, DDS, PhD, President, American Association for Dental Research, 'Developing calprotectin-specific mRNA as an antimicrobial therapy.'

4:30 - 5:00 p.m. - Virtual Awards Ceremony 
The winning research projects will be recognized.
Directions for viewing Research Day activities and receiving CE credits will be sent before Feb. 26 and also posted on the Research Day 2021 webpage.
UNMC College of Dentistry | unmc.edu/dentistry