Communism has given central planning a well-deserved bad reputation. The Five Year Plan. The Politburo.
But central planning can be successful in specific situations. For example, the military. And in emergencies as we have recently seen, at the beginning anyway, public health controls for the pandemic.
Some free enterprise corporations use central planning for their manufacturing activities and delegate their sales activities to independent, locally owned companies. Such centrally planned manufacturing activities are an example of centralism and a very successful application of it.
In much less successful applications, centralism has been used to organize aspects of service delivery in fields such as health care, education and municipal government.
Consider municipal government in urban areas. It appears at first glance that it is cheaper to have one large municipal government (the metro) rather than a dozen small ones. A 1996
report refutes that and I quote, "The report of the task force on the Greater Toronto Area is significant because it specifically rejects claims that lower-tier amalgamations will save money and because it points to the benefits of municipal competition. Reducing the number of municipalities does not necessarily mean less government."
This would be due in part to most of the administrative staff of the amalgamated municipalities still being needed but another, more highly paid level of senior managers would be added. Service delivery effectiveness would be reduced due to the encumbrances inherent in large organizations.
Larger, slower, costlier are elements in the common story of centralism applied to service delivery platforms.
For any service delivery platform to succeed with the myriad of decisions made on a daily basis, localism is a necessary component and subsidiarity is the guiding principle.
Localism, as defined in the
Cambridge dictionary, is the idea that people should have control over what happens in their local area, that local businesses should be supported, and that differences between places should be respected.
Having full control over what happens is not easy. It means taking responsibility for the results. This is hard so it is tempting to give away a little responsibility here and a little responsibility there to an organization.
As is often the case, organizations of the governmental variety are ready to entice local folks to give away their responsibility and the control that goes with it by using the argument of convenience and, of course, by making tasks easier for individuals.
This dynamic has progressively impacted voting opportunities since legislative changes were implemented in the 1990s.
And so we come to vote-by-mail and how convenient it is. Moreover, voting is so much easier to schedule when there are early voting days.
The result of this convenience and easiness is larger government and weaker communities.
Communities can be much better supported by having almost everyone vote on a single day making it a highly publicized event in their neighbourhood.
I prepared the examples below showing 3 situations where centralism is beneficial and 6 where it is not, and 12 where localism is beneficial.