Age-Related Macular Degeneration Awareness Month
Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in adults over 60, affecting nearly 20 million Americans. The risk of developing Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) increases with age. If you are 75 or older, your risk is 1 in 3. AMD is considered an incurable eye disease.
The origins of AMD are unknown. science has uncovered many of the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its development, along with the body’s malfunctioning mechanisms that cause the deterioration of macula—the tissue that lines the inside back layer of the eye, the central portion of the retina.
Having AMD affects the center visual field, which takes away the ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces, perceive color and contrast and see fine details. AMD can also affect your mobility, your independence, your ability to perform household activities like cooking and maintaining your finances, relationships with others, and your sense of self. This is why AMD awareness is so important.
There are two basic types of Macular Degeneration:
“dry” and “wet”. The difference between the two is the severity. The dry is more common and is less serious. In the wet stage of macular degeneration, new blood vessels begin to form underneath the retina. Unfortunately, these new blood vessels often lead to blood or fluid leakage in the retina where vision can become distorted. In this stage, consulting a doctor is crucial.
Stages of Macular Degeneration
-
Sub-clinical AMD- people lose ability to adapt to dark surroundings.
-
Early AMD- Early AMD is diagnosed by the presence of medium-sized drusen (yellow deposits beneath the retina).
-
Intermediate AMD- at this stage, there may be some vision loss (wavy or blurred vision), but may not be noticeable symptoms. A comprehensive eye exam with specific tests will look for larger drusen/or pigment changes in the retina.
-
Late AMD- At this stage, vision loss has become noticeable.
Risk Factors
-
Genetics- Those with a Family history of AMD are at higher risk.
-
Race- Caucasians are more likely to develop the disease.
-
Smoking- Smoking doubles the risk of AMD, and recent studies have found that living in air-polluted environment also increase the risk.
-
Diet- A poor diet, high in saturated fats and cholesterol and low antioxidants, can increase risk for AMD and accelerate its progression.
Treatment
There is currently no known cure for Macular Degeneration, but treatments are available for the “wet” form of late AMD. Treatments for “dry” form AMD are in clinical trials, but are not yet available to patients.
Ways to Reduce your Risk and possibly slow down the progression
- Avoid smoking
- Eat a AMD-healthy diet
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain recommended body weight
- Maintain recommended blood pressure
- Protect your eyes from ultraviolet light
ttps://www.macular.org/amdawarenessmonth2024
|