Congress Passes Measure to Address Surprise Medical Bills – Improvements Over Earlier Version but Still Tilted in Favor of Insurance Companies
Among the provisions contained in the year-end Congressional COVID relief package is a comprehensive measure to establish a federal standard for addressing surprise out-of-network medical bills.
Based upon initial review and conversations with Congressional staff and the AMA, the new federal surprise bill provisions will apply to patients insured by ERISA plans.
The measure will ensure that patients are “held harmless” from surprise out-of-network medical bills. Patients will only be required to pay the in-network cost-sharing, (i.e., copayment, coinsurance, and deductibles) amount for out-of-network emergency care, for certain ancillary services provided by out-of-network providers at in-network facilities, and for out-of-network care provided at in-network facilities without the patient’s informed consent.
The federal provision calls for a 30-day open negotiation period for out-of-network physicians and payers to settle out-of-network claims and, if the 30 day negotiation period is unsuccessful, requires either the physician or the health plan to initiate an independent dispute resolution (IDR) process within 4 days of the end of the 30-day period.
The federal IDR entity will determine which side – the physician’s or the insurer’s suggested payment – will prevail. Physicians may batch similar services in one proceeding when claims are from the same payer, but the bill permits only 30 days of batching. The IDR entity would consider numerous sources of information brought by either party, such as the provider’s training and experience, patient acuity, and the complexity of furnishing the item or service. However, neither provider charges nor usual and customary charges may be considered by the IDR entity, and the IDR entity is required to consider the market-based median in-network rate. This a major deficiency that was highlighted in advocacy efforts over the last year.
There were improvements including a prohibition of the consideration of Medicare or Medicaid data by the IDR, as well as elimination of provisions that would have set up cumbersome processes to require patients to receive a detailed description of services rendered within 15 days of the date of service and required a patient to be billed within 90 days of the date of service even if the claims had not been fully adjudicated by the health insurer.
The Congressional provisions also address “voluntary” out-of-network services by providing that non-participating providers at participating facilities may not bill a patient more than the cost-sharing requirements or balance bill the patient unless the notice and consent requirements are met. These consent requirements include providing the patient with written notice and consent 72 hours in advance of appointment; providing a good faith estimate of the costs of the services; and providing the patient with a list of in-network providers at the facility and information regarding medical care management, such as prior authorization. At participating facilities, the notice and consent exception does not apply to out-of-network providers of radiology, pathology, emergency, anesthesiology, diagnostic and neonatal services; assistant surgeons, hospitalists, intensivists, and providers offering services when no other in-network provider is available.
Further analysis of this far-reaching legislation is ongoing, so remain alert for further updates.