|
Tim Vernimmen | Knowable Magazine
In the 1940s, scientists at the recently established National Cancer Institute were trying to breed mice that could inform our understanding of cancer, either because they predictably developed certain cancers or were surprisingly resistant.
The team spotted a peculiar litter in which some baby mice had short, kinked tails and misplaced ribs growing out of their neck bones. The strain of mice, nicknamed “tail short,” has been faithfully bred ever since, in the hope that one day, research might reveal what was the matter with them.
After more than 60 years, researchers finally got their answer, when Maria Barna, a developmental biologist then at the University of California San Francisco, found that the mice had a genetic mutation that caused a protein to disappear from their ribosomes — the places in cells where proteins are made.
This came as a complete surprise, says Barna. Everyone had expected the cause to be a mutation in a gene that orchestrated development, not one involved in ribosome structure. Ribosomes, which under the microscope look like millions of specks scattered across the cell, or — closer up — like a bread roll torn into...
Read More
| 
