UC Davis Environmental Health Sciences Center Newsletter / February 2021
Medical miracles are no cure
for vaccine hesitancy
In the last few months, multiple vaccines have emerged that are highly effective in protecting those who receive them against COVID-19. These are a ‘next generation’ type of vaccine, which harnesses the power of molecular biology and molecular engineering of small pieces of the coronavirus that trains our immune systems to recognize it and mount a sufficiently strong response. That these vaccines were developed in less than a year speaks to the ingenuity of the human intellect and a collective determination to control this pandemic that has robbed so many lives, including the survivors who have lost their loved ones.

Yet now we face the strong possibility, a nontrivial probability that the SARS-CoV-2 may not be defeated, and not because we don’t have the tools, but because a broad swath of the population will decline to be vaccinated. A mere 160 years ago, the majority of the U.S. population (and certainly the global population as well) could expect to die before the age of 40. By the turn into the 20th century, U.S. life expectancy had risen to over 45 years. By 1950, this figure was over 60 years, and it peaked at about 78 years in 2015. Comparable countries are at over 81 years. In short, infectious diseases were the predominant factor in curtailing life during what we now think of as early adulthood.

Today we rarely give thought to diphtheria, tetanus, pneumonia, tuberculosis, smallpox, polio (primarily in children), yellow fever and influenza. Having conquered one after the next, it is now a few generations that stand between us and that ever-present fear of these infectious diseases that would strike without warning and sometimes decimate entire cities. The history is clear, but for most of our population, lost. While multiple advancements have contributed to this remarkable achievement, including sanitation in general, the separation of the water supply and distribution systems from wastewater, and antibiotics, a pivotal role was played by vaccines. The development of vaccines really began around the start of the 20th Century, and with little understanding of biology, and only an inkling of knowledge about viruses, the challenge was enormous. When the diphtheria vaccine was finally successful and presented to a gathering of scientists from around the world, they literally stood on their chairs to applaud the beginning of a new era in the control of infectious disease. These early vaccines were viewed by the public as miracles.

So here we are now: The pushback against vaccines is far stronger in the U.S. than in other socioeconomically comparable countries. What will it take to convince enough people to be vaccinated in order to achieve full herd immunity? Will it be a series of epidemics/pandemics, so that an overwhelmingly large proportion of the population has lost someone close to them? Can a concerted public health education campaign, with tailored messages for all the subcultures in our ‘melting’ pot, be an effective antidote?

One thing we can say thing for certain is that diverse voices and perspectives making the case for vaccines help. Having scientists like Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett leading the way in COVID research, highlights the importance women—and especially women of color—in STEM. From suffragettes to the #MeToo movement, women and girls of all backgrounds have been tearing down myriad forms of barriers to achieve the equity and dignity they've been denied. In science, we are breaking glass ceilings to become recognized for pioneering new fields, from gene editing to environmental exposomics and the applications of systems approaches. We still face micro-aggressions at the workplace, but also supportive allies, and when we see the brilliance of our students and trainees, and the adamant refusal of young women to be silenced, we see a future when the barriers, ceilings and all the constricting forces will have been fully evaporated.

Irva Hertz-Picciotto, PhD
Director, UC Davis Environmental Health Sciences Center

We'll miss you, Aubrey (and Finn)!
Effective community engagement in environmental health research requires a combination of skills, including relationship and trust building, attention to collective process, clear communication, creativity and patience. We’ve been so fortunate to have Aubrey Thompson as our Community Engagement Core (CEC) Associate Director for the past several years because she has all of these qualities in abundance. Aubrey came to the CEC with 10 years of science communication and community engagement experience, put her skills to the test and greatly elevated our work. She managed the Community Stakeholder Advisory Committee (CSTAC), coordinated the CEC’s support of the Center’s Pilot Project Program, led a very successful 2-day Environmental Justice Tour in the San Joaquin Valley for NIEHS Director Linda Birnbaum and her executive team and greatly enhanced our community-based participatory action research training—and that’s just part of the list!
 
Jane Sellen, Co- Director of Californians for Pesticide Reform and one of our CSTAC members, honored Aubrey in these terms which also speak to the sentiments of the CEC and EHSC as a whole: "Aubrey has been a joy to work with as our point of contact in the Community Engagement Core. Aubrey is as kind as she is thorough, and a highly skilled mediator between academia and the outside world. I will miss her very much and wish her all the very best in her future endeavors." — Jonathan London
COVID-19 research
ÓRALE Project: The ÓRALE Project (Organizaciones para Reducir, Avanzar y Lograr Equidad contra el COVID-19) has the goal to identify and overcome barriers to COVID-19 testing in vulnerable Latino/a residents in California's Central Valley. Our team is now ready to go out into these underserved farmworker communities to provide free COVID-19 testing. Our mobile test site will be offering tests in Fresno, Madera, Stanislaus and Yolo counties. We'll also conduct a survey to learn more about the challenges vulnerable Latinos/as and immigrants face, and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the beginning of this project, we have been learning from our collaborators:
 
• Radio Bilingüe
• Central California Environmental Justice Network (CCEJN)
• Lideres Campesinas
• Centro Binacional Para El Desarollo Indigena Oaxaqueño (CBDIO)
• Building Healthy Communities-Fresno (BHC)
• Madera Community Coalition for Justice (MCCJ)
• West Modesto Community Collaborative
• California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation (CRLAF)
• Health Education Council (HEC)
• Mexican Consulate in Sacramento
• RISE, Inc.
 
Our community partners are working to get the word out. They will also help with registration and lead the pre- and post-test counseling at the test sites. 
 
If you have questions about ÓRALE, please reach out to Camille Burlaza (ciburlaza@ucdavis.edu).
 
COVID-19 & pregnancy: Rebecca Schmidt’s B-SAFE Study is ramping up again for the 2021 wildfire season. Recruitment for the 2020 wildfires is underway and includes specimen collection from women who are pregnant, going to deliver or postpartum. A new survey for the 2020 Complex wildfires will be available soon and includes questions about COVID. The Spanish language version of the study launches later this winter.

Rebecca and her team are also recruiting for UCSF’s Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Study, which is available in English and Spanish. Read more about it here.

Portable, breath-based COVID diagnostics: Cristina Davis is leading a new project to develop a gas chromatography detector for COVID-19. Her project has two main goals:
  • Determine the gas phase breath biomarkers associated with COVID-19
  • Prototype, build and test a new portable breath analysis instrument in a hospital setting
Ultimately, the plan is to develop a commercial instrument that can diagnose COVID-19 rapidly at “point of testing” sites. Dr. Davis envisions an instrument that can analyze exhaled breath samples in less than five minutes to provide clinicians with a real-time diagnostic.
 
The project just launched and is funded by the NIH’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.
 
Novel COVID-19 lung treatment: Amir Zeki, MD has developed a novel COVID-19 treatment using inhaled statins. While research shows oral statin treatment in COVID patients can reduce the risk of severe disease, lead to faster recovery and reduce mortality, Zeki’s research will look at the impact of using an aerosolized delivery mechanism to explore the full potential of these drugs. Read more about his work here.
Research spotlight
Pam Lein, PhD
Molecular and cellular basis of PCB developmental neurotoxicity
Funded: December 2020

Research on PCB developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) focuses almost exclusively on higher chlorinated (HC)- not lower chlorinated (LC)-PCBs. Previous research helped shed light on this gap with the discovery that LC-PCBs 11 and 28 made up more than 70 percent of PCBs in the serum of pregnant women who had an increased risk of giving birth to a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Preliminary data suggested PCB 11 caused DNT via activation of CREB-dependent signaling pathways but wasn’t able to determine if metabolites altered neurodevelopment via the same molecular mechanism.

In this new project, Lein will use a mouse model to test her central hypothesis that CYP-mediated metabolism influences the in vivo effects of LC-PCBs on CREB-dependent neurodevelopmental processes. She hopes to identify LC-PCBs as a new class of contaminants that interfere with neurodevelopment, and novel mechanistic data regarding the role of CREB signaling and CYP-mediated bioactivation in PCB DNT. This research will impact public health by helping to assess the risk LC-PCBs pose to the developing brain and provide critical insights into dietary and pharmacological manipulation of CYP activity to mitigate DNT risk in vulnerable populations.
EHSC Anti-racism Work Group
EHSC kicked off the New Year with a lively group of 13 members who came together to discuss implementing anti-racism projects throughout the work the Center does. The work group specifically discussed the Anti-Racism Praxis Proposal for EHSC, which the Community Engagement Core (CEC) spent several months putting together last year.
 
In small and full group discussions, we talked about the leadership role EHSC should play in anti-racism work on campus, the diversity of faculty and trainees being brought into the Center and efficacy of translating our research to action through community engagement.
 
EHSC success stories include leadership in promoting awareness of environmental racism and justice on campus through active research and seminars, the EHSC Scholars program in supporting new women faculty of color through funding and mentorship, as well as the CEC establishing new research projects like the one in Kettleman City. But we also saw areas for improvement such as increasing diversity of faculty, tailoring existing mentoring programs to better suit the needs of diverse faculty and trainees and reaching future researchers at the high school level through our community partners.
 
The EHSC Anti-racism Work Group is currently soliciting suggestions for potential seminar speakers, starting an anti-racism book club and working with campus administrators on an NIH proposal that would support cluster hiring of faculty working on environmental health disparities. If you’d like to participate in the Anti-racism Work Group, contact Janine LaSalle (jmlasalle@ucdavis.edu). – Janine LaSalle
COVID-19: Profiles from the frontlines of the pandemic
To help promote EHSC’s COVID-19 Survey for Workers, we’re interviewing people we know or have met online through the hundreds of COVID-19 Facebook groups we belong to.

In our interview with Darriene Hosley Stewart, the UX writer at Google talks about what privileged workers like her can do to help those who are struggling, how she makes the most of working from home and what she hopes will come out of the pandemic for all Americans.

If there’s someone you know who may want to participate in this project, please contact Jennifer Biddle (jsbiddle@ucdavis.edu).
Updates from our cores
Community Engagement Core (CEC)
Phoebe Seaton and Shankar Prasad, our Community Stakeholder Advisory Committee Co-Chairs for the past seven years, are stepping down from their positions. We would like to celebrate all of the hard work and dedication that Phoebe and Shankar have given to our Center, campus and state! Good luck in your future endeavors!

Our incoming Co-Chairs are Nayamin Martinez and Marilyn Silva. Nayamin is the Executive Director of the Central California Environmental Justice Network. She works with immigrant and Indigenous communities across the San Joaquin Valley, and manages environmental public health programs involving pesticides, air quality and pollution. Marilyn's illustrious career includes many years at the California Environmental Protection Agency’s Department of Pesticide Regulation, where she worked as a toxicologist on human health risk assessments and exposure studies. — Sarina Rodriguez, Community Engagement Specialist, CEC

Exposure Core
Connect with us! The Exposure Core has a number of activities planned for Winter Quarter and we are looking forward to engaging with Center members. Please reach out to Debbie Bennett (dhbennett@ucdavis.edu) with questions or if you would like to participate.

  • Consultations: The Exposure Core is currently taking appointments to discuss researchers' exposure questions. If you have an ongoing project or planned grant application that could benefit from insight on measuring or interpreting exposure values, we will arrange a meeting to help you, bringing the relevant expertise to answer your questions. 
  • Seed Funding: February 10th we will begin accepting applications for seed funding for investigators who a) would benefit from adding an exposure measure to an existing study, b) would like to obtain proof-of-concept data or c) would like funding to develop an exposure measure. Other ideas encouraged. Check our seed funding or Exposure Core pages for more information.
  • Sampling in the 2021 wildfire season: The Exposure Core is hosting a brainstorming meeting to be prepared to measure exposures for the next fire season on February 25th at 2 PM. Bring your expertise on measuring exposures from wildfires, along with your thoughts on what additional measures should be collected during the next wildfire event. We hope to have a lively discussion by bringing together experts on air pollution, chemistry, toxicology and epidemiology.  
  • New chemicals in children’s environmental health: Most children’s health research focuses on a handful of compounds that are measured in multiple studies. But what about all those that aren't studied? The Exposure Core plans to discuss how we can be better able to assess emerging exposures March 16th, at 2 PM. The goal of the meeting is to assess the capabilities available at UC Davis to understand the complex mixture of chemicals we're exposed to, bringing together faculty from multiple departments who are working with methods to detect a broad range of chemicals to share idea that may enhance overall capabilities. Bring your favorite chemical class to the meeting. – Debbie Bennett
Integrated Health Sciences Facility Core
Kent Pinkerton, PhD edited the second edition of Climate Change and Global Public Heath, an up-to-date guide on climate change and respiratory health. The book includes the latest research by international experts on topics such as heat waves causing critical care-related diseases, climate-driven air pollution increases and high-level ozone and ozone exposure linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and acute lower respiratory infection. New chapters by UC Davis experts and others include extreme weather and agricultural safety in California; desert dust effects on lung health; climate policy and the EPA; California's integrated approach to air quality and climate change; integrating climate change, the environment and sustainability themes into professional health science courses; and the role of the physician as climate advocate.
 
Published by Springer (Humana Press), it’s also available on Google Play, Kindle, Apple Books and Kobo.
NIEHS news & events
Friends of NIEHS congressional briefing on wildfires and other natural disasters
Tuesday, February 9 from 9:30-10:45 AM PST (12:30 PM-1:45 PM EST)
Don't miss NIEHS Director Rick Woychik, ESHC Director Irva Hertz-Picciotto , Bernard Fontaine from the NIEHS Worker Training Program Task Force on Natural Disasters and COVID-19 and Elizabeth Del Re from the International Association of Fire Fighters speak on the ways NIEHS is advancing knowledge and response to recent disasters and supporting training initiatives to protect workers .


Compounding environmental health crises: COVID-19 research
The Inaugural Symposium of the NIEHS Disaster Research Response Environmental Health Sciences Network will be held February through March 2021. All sessions of the symposia will be live via Zoom from noon – 1:30 PM EST. Topics include:
  • January 13: COVID-19 Routes of Transmission and Exposure Mitigation
  • February 4: Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 Response
  • February 25: Addressing COVID-19 Challenges with Community Partners
  • March 2: COVID-19, Social Vulnerability and Environmental Injustice
Recently published
Announcements
Spring CSTAC Meeting: The Spring Community Stakeholder Advisory Committee Meeting will happen on February 22, 9:00 AM to 12 noon. If you would like to attend, please contact Sarina Rodriguez (sverodriguez@ucdavis.edu) for details.

We're (still) hiring! Our Center is expanding and staffing up as we take on new research. Please help by circulating information throughout your networks about these job postings:
Please contact our Human Resources representative Kristi Lusso for details and the link to the Program Manager opening (kllusso@ucdavis.edu).
In the news
Infographic
We created the graphic below for Women & Girls in Science Day on February 11. You can download it here to share.
You never would have known from Amanda Gorman's commanding performance at the Inauguration that she once had a speech impediment, which she overcame with the help of a song from the musical Hamilton. Watch the ever-confident, younger Gorman recite her poetry in this beautiful ode to California.

If you have any announcements, new research, press coverage or anything else you'd like to share with your EHSC colleagues or our community partners in this newsletter, please contact Jennifer Biddle (jsbiddle@ucdavis.edu). Thank you!