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Have you ever printed a project and been disappointed with the quality of an image or logo? Especially if it has been downloaded from a website? Although they look great on screen at a small size, when enlarged to poster or banner size, the quality of web images deteriorates greatly. Why?

It's mostly due to the actual resolution of a raster image at the final print size. Web images are naturally low resolution and that resolution doesn't increase when the size increases. Vector images don't have a native resolution however and can enlarge with no reduction in quality.

We know that's a bit confusing. That's why this year we're starting a series of quick how-to emails to help you learn about the ins-and-outs of print production so you can build your files like a pro. We kick the series off with an overview of the difference between vector and raster image formats.
File Prep 101: Raster vs Vector
When enlarging graphics, logos, type or illustrations, we ask that you provide us with vector files. What does that mean?
Raster images are created from a grid of tiny squares, or pixels, while vector images are drawn from mathematical paths.
What is a raster image?
A raster image, also called a bitmap image, is an image comprised of a rectangular grid of pixels. The smaller the pixel size, the higher the “resolution.” An image with a resolution of 300 ppi has 300 pixels per square inch. Our Bee above was 72ppi, but enlarged to 800% becomes only 9ppi.

  • Composed of pixels
  • Enlargements are made by mathematical approximations and can look blurry
  • File sizes are often very large files at high resolution

Common raster file types
• .png
• .jpg or .jpeg
• .gif
• .tif
• .psd

Popular raster-based image editors
• Adobe Photoshop
• GIMP
• Photo-paint
What is a vector image?
A vector image or graphic is a type of image defined on a plane, connected by lines and curves. They form shapes based on precise mathematical equations. Because of this, if you zoom in or out, the lines, curves, or points always remain smooth. 

  • Composed of paths
  • Enlargements are made to exact mathematical coordinates and always look crisp
  • File sizes are often much smaller files

Common vector file types
• .eps
• .ai
• .pdf
• .svg
• .sketch

Popular vector-based image editors
• Adobe Illustrator
• Sketch
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