Crapanzano received his A.B. in philosophy from Harvard in 1960 and his Ph.D. in Anthropology from Columbia in 1970. He taught at Princeton (1970–1974) and Queens College (1974–1979). He has served as Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the Graduate Center City University of New York since 1990.
Glazier writes, "Crapanzano recognized the importance of portraying the 'humanity' of those he studied—even when those studied had been widely vilified." Among his many ethnographic subjects, Crapanzano covered the controversial issue of apartheid in South Africa.
According to Glazier, Crapanzano "understood the writing of ethnography as a process, and he recognized his obligation to accurately represent the moral ambiguity of his informants."