SEPTEMBER HORTICULTURAL

AND GARDEN TIPS

A variety of topics (Landscape, Vegetables, and Lawn) are highlighted this month. So, to learn about what should be done in the month of SEPTEMBER, click on GARDEN TIPS.

The Compost Connection

From Green Country Master Gardeners

Fellow Composters, each month the Master Gardener Monthly e-Newsletter is joined by new readers, in addition to regular readers. If those new readers are interested in composting, it is impossible to stay current with the topic that may be of interest at any given time. We may have novice composters joining each month getting information about techniques more for experienced composters. That is why we review and add information periodically about basics of beginning compost bins, basic equipment, what to add to a compost piles.

This month will be a brief review of very basic equipment needed for composting. Most of these are common yard or gardening tools that most homeowners have. As you progress in your composting success (and interest) you may want more tools for specific composting needs. For instance, if you become interested in worm composers (aka Vermicomposting) you will need specialized equipment.

Equipment and tools for starting a basic home composting system would be:

• a pitchfork or shovel for turning compost
• a device for aerating the compost (this could be a basic hand crank device or an auger type of device run by a hand drill)
• a wheelbarrow or yard cart
• a compost thermometer

When selecting tools to be used often (i.e. shovel or pitchfork) give consideration to the length of the handle and weight of the tool. If it is too heavy, you will tire easily and will not be comfortable using it. If the handle is too long and you are very short, you will also tire quickly using an awkward tool. Keep in mind your comfort and using that tool over time. The same principle applies to using a handheld claw turner to mix and aerate compost.

See the link below for examples and short descriptions of tools you may find helpful establishing a compost pile or bin.

For more information, click the link to view Oklahoma State University Fact Sheet HLA-6448, Backyard Composting in Oklahoma. Next month we will have more tool information and basics for using these tools in your compost bin.

https://top5best.com/compost-stirring-tool?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Search&utm_campaign=8434&wbraid=ClQKCQjwk8e1BhCzARJDAL5yFq_kHO9VBHgHUhMXBzWXT7bPXsDpYZdYLZIY6VkEygXUOJZXAJx3_1cYXKxQlw_G2mpFhbSTnvQfON4K_Y-0SxoCRZc

OK, LET'S PLANT IT HERE . . .

WEATHERING YOUR GARDEN

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING

ON PLANTS & GARDENS

Global warming is causing significant changes on plants and gardens around the world. Here’s a closer look at how global warming is impacting plant life and what gardeners can do to adapt.

1. Temperature Changes

One of the most direct effects of global warming is the increase in average temperatures. Warmer temperatures can extend the growing season in some regions, allowing for longer periods of plant growth. However, this is not always beneficial. Many plants, especially those adapted to cooler climates, may struggle to survive in higher temperatures. For example, cool-season crops like broccoli, carrots, and kale may not withstand the hottest days of summer.

2. Shifting Plant Hardiness Zones

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) plant hardiness zones are shifting northward due to rising temperatures^. This means that plants that once thrived in a particular region may no longer be suitable. For instance, the Tulsa area is now in growing zone 7b which means our annual extreme minimum temperatures are 5-10 degrees warmer.

3. Increased CO2 Levels

Higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere can have a mixed impact on plants. On one hand, increased CO2 can boost photosynthesis, leading to more robust plant growth^. On the other hand, the benefits of increased CO2 are often offset by other factors such as nutrient limitations and water availability.

4. Extreme Weather Events

Global warming is leading to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, including heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall. These events can stress plants, disrupt their growth, and even lead to plant death.

5. Pests and Diseases

Warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can also affect the prevalence of pests and diseases. Many pests thrive in warmer conditions and, as temperatures rise, they can expand their range into new areas. This can lead to increased infestations and greater damage to plants.

Adapting to the Changes

Gardeners can take several steps to adapt to the impacts of global warming:

• Choose Climate-Appropriate Plants: Select plants that are suited to our new climate zone and are resilient to temperature fluctuations.
• Improve Soil Health: Healthy soil can better retain moisture and provide essential nutrients to plants. Adding organic matter like compost can enhance soil structure and fertility.
• Water Wisely: Use efficient watering techniques, such as drip irrigation, to conserve water and ensure plants receive adequate moisture.
• Monitor and Manage Pests: Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and diseases and take appropriate measures to control them.
• Plan for Extreme Weather: Be prepared for extreme weather events by using protective measures like mulching to retain soil moisture and using windbreaks to shield plants from strong winds.

By understanding the effects of global warming on plants and gardens, and by taking proactive steps to adapt, gardeners can help ensure their plants thrive in our changing climate.

CONTROLLING PESTS IN

YOUR VEGGIE GARDEN

TOMATO HORNWORM

TOMATO HORNWORM BEING ATTACKED

BY PARASITIC WASP EGGS

SQUASH BUG

Controlling pests in your vegetable garden is vital to ensuring a successful harvest. In Oklahoma, where hot summers and various native insects present unique challenges, effective pest management requires a combination of prevention, identification, and treatment.

Common pests such as tomato hornworms, squash bugs, caterpillars, and loopers can wreak havoc on your crops if left unchecked. Click on VEGGIE PESTS to learn about strategies that can help your control these pesky pests.

PROPER PESTICIDE HANDLING

Pesticides are essential tools for managing pests in agriculture and gardening, but their use comes with responsibilities and risks. Understanding how to handle pesticides safely, their effectiveness, and the importance of organic alternatives can significantly impact both environmental and human health.

Click on PESTICIDES to learn more about the proper use of this basic gardening product. You might be surprised by what you will learn.

CLOVER: AN EARTH-KIND ALTERNATIVE TO TURF

Fall is almost here. When the temperature cools a bit it will be time for many of us to seed our lawns with cool season grasses. Consider adding white clover to your seed mix as an Earth Kind way to help keep your lawn green this fall and winter.

There are several advantages to supplementing with / using clover in the lawn. And, some can save you $. Click on CLOVER to read about those and other useful information.

CREATING A BEAUTIFUL GARDEN:

ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Designing a home garden involves more than just planting a variety of flowers and shrubs. It requires a thoughtful approach to arranging plants, hardscapes, and other elements in a way that is aesthetically pleasing and functional. The Oklahoma State University Extension fact sheet HLA-6441, Homeowner Garden Design Series: Elements and Principles of Design, provides valuable insights into the foundational elements and principles that guide effective garden design. These principles are essential for homeowners looking to create a visually appealing, harmonious, and sustainable outdoor space.

To learn more about some of these elements and principles, click on PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN and check out some good ideas. But wait . . . there's more. Next month this series will continue with additional landscape design tips and ideas that you will not want to miss. So, if you liked what you read this month, don't forget to come back next month.

PROPER TREE PLANTING

Fall ushers in a renewed desire to get outdoors since both the temperature and humidity start downward. Not only is it a good time to think about fall veggie planting (see below) or dividing iris's or planting spring-flowering bulbs or . . ., it is also the best time to plant a tree.

Why you ask? Because the air temperature is cooler (think less stress on us and the trees) but the soil temperature is still warm (think good conditions for root development). This gives newly-planted trees time to acclimate in their new environment before the harsh heat of next summer arrives. For some tips on some techniques proven to increase chance of success, check out these two articles:

PROPER TREE PLANTING 1

PROPER TREE PLANTING 2

DREAMIN' OF A FALL

VEGGIE GARDEN?

Yes it is still hot in Oklahoma in September but it is also time to get our fall gardens going, like now.

Fall gardens require a little early preparation which usually occurs in the heat of the summer. But just like summer gardening, fall harvests are also dependent on light, temperature, oxygen, water, and nutrients.

Click on FALL GARDENING to find out how best to get started to prepare and why some fall veggies can actually taste better than spring ones.

ANNUAL GARDENING CALENDAR

DID YOU KNOW?

Since 1983, the Tulsa Master Gardeners have been serving the public by offering research-based horticultural information to residents of Tulsa and the surrounding area. The Tulsa Master Gardener Foundation is a 501 (c) (3) organization. As such, it receives no city, state or federal funding for its Tulsa community outreach programs. In fact, the Tulsa's Master Gardener programs are self-funded by its own fundraisers, from member donations, and from public donations.

The two main annual Tulsa Master Gardener fundraisers are its Spring Plant Sale in April and the Garden Tour that is usually the first weekend in June. And, one of the most important income sources that sometimes gets overlooked are the personal and corporate donations. These are so important in helping us to meet our financial obligations and we want you to know they are very much appreciated. 

MG Endowment Fund

The Tulsa Master Gardeners have been around for over three decades and we plan to be around for many more decades. Furthermore, we are considered one of the top five Master Gardener County programs in the entire nation. We are because of the size of our Foundation membership, the number, diversity and activity level of our various community outreach programs, and our overall financial strength! 

So, we are pleased to announce, in partnership with the Tulsa Community Foundation, the Master Gardener Foundation has established an Endowment Fund to ensure our long-term financial strength. Our plans are to build this fund for many years before making any withdrawals from it. Please consider us as you make your annual gift giving as well as longer-term estate planning decisions. Remember, all donations are fully tax deductible! 

If you wish to make a tax-deductible donation to help fund the long-term success of the Tulsa Master Gardener program, click on  

TULSA MASTER GARDENER ENDOWMENT FUND.

If you wish to make a tax-deductible donation to help fund the Tulsa Master Gardener program's annual expenses, click on

TULSA MASTER GARDENER FUND.

We thank ALL of you for having been such faithful contributors both in the past and in advance for your future consideration and participation! So proud to be a part of the Tulsa area - such a giving community!

=====================================================Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other federal laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, age, religion, disability, or status as a veteran in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This includes but is not limited to admissions, employment, financial aid, and educational services.

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You can get answers to all of your gardening questions at:

TULSA MASTER GARDENERS

4116 East 15th Street Tulsa, OK 74112

918-746-3701

mg@tulsamastergardeners.org