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IMBeR IPO-China 信息速递
Your news from the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research International Project Office - China
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The model pathways of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) for the timely achievement of global climate targets, especially the target of limiting global warming to 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels, suggest the need for safeguarding and enhancing the global carbon sink. Experts argue that the deployment of so-called negative emissions technologies for large-scale carbon dioxide removal holds potential for keeping the temperature in line with limits set by the Paris Agreement. Ocean-based negative emissions technologies (ONETs) intend to enhance carbon sequestration and storage in the ocean, e.g., by changing the ocean’s physical or biogeochemical properties. But in addition to these intended effects, ONETs may also cause unintentional impacts on the ocean’s condition and on related coastal and marine ecosystem services that are relevant for the attainment of a range of global policy goals. This article links potential direct and indirect, intentional and unintentional impacts of eight ONETs on the marine environment to the regulations and policy goals of international environmental agreements of the current global ocean governance regime. The results thereof outline a direct, implicit and indirect governance framework of ONETs. Hereby, a broader perspective of the concept of (global) ocean governance is adopted to outline a wider network that goes beyond the explicit regulation of ONETs within the realm of ocean governance. This first-order assessment derives gaps and challenges in the existing governance framework, as well as needs and opportunities for comprehensive governance of the technologies. It is determined that while the inclusion of ONETs in the global climate strategy may be deemed necessary for reaching net zero emission targets in the future, a range of potential trade-offs with other policy goals may need to be considered or dealt with when deploying ONETS for climate mitigation. Further, foresight-oriented and adaptive governance mechanisms appear imperative to bridge gaps resulting from extensive uncertainties and unknowns linked to ONET deployment in a changing ocean and. The identified ONET governance framework reiterates current challenges in ocean governance, for instance related to fragmentation, but also represents an opportunity for a synergistic and integrated approach to future governance.
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甲藻的垂直迁移引发强烈赤潮
Dinoflagellate Vertical Migration Fuels an Intense Red Tide
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作者：Bofu Zheng, Andrew J. Lucas, Peter J. S. Franks, Tamara L. Schlosser, Clarissa R. Anderson, Uwe Send, Kristen Davis, Andrew D. Barton and Heidi M. Sosik
期刊：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
有害藻华（HABs）正在全球范围内增加，对经济、人类健康和生态系统造成危害。尽管有害藻华频繁发生，但导致其异常高生物量的机制仍不完全清楚。一个50年前的假设认为，一些密集的藻华是由甲藻的运动引起的:生物体白天向上游动进行光合作用，晚上向下游动以获取深层营养物质。这使得甲藻的生长速度超过其非运动性竞争对手。作者使用自主海浪驱动的垂直剖面系统的现场数据验证了这一假设。研究表明，在2020年的赤潮藻华事件中，甲藻Lingulodinium polydra的垂直迁移导致了深层硝酸盐的枯竭。下行迁移在黄昏开始，最大迁移深度由当地硝酸盐浓度决定。深海硝酸盐的损失被等比例增加的浮游植物叶绿素浓度和悬浮颗粒荷载所平衡，从而将垂直迁移与大洋环境中深层硝酸盐的获取和同化联系起来。与70年的气候资料相比，赤潮期间甲藻的垂直迁移造成了异常的生物地球化学条件，表明这些事件能够暂时重塑沿海海洋的生态系统和生物地球化学。通过尖端的观测技术，对形成有害藻华生物的生理、行为和代谢动力学的理解将提高我们预测有害藻华并减轻其未来影响的能力。
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Fig. 3 The 2020 L. polyedra red tide. (A) May 6, 2020 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)—Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership 1-d composite satellite chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) image from the SCB (corresponding to the red box in the Upper Right Inset panel). The Lower Left Inset shows the bathymetric map of the study area (corresponding to the black box in the main panel), with the DM and the WW (red diamond), and the CalCOFI station (Line: 93.3, Station: 26.7) (red square). (B) Images of L. polyedra captured by the IFCB on the DM on May 7, 2020. (C–F) WW-measured time/depth series of temperature, salinity, Chl-a concentration, and nitrate concentration respectively, with isopycnals contoured as gray lines, ranging from 1,024.35 kg m−3 to 1,025.75 kg m−3, with an increment of 0.2 kg m−3. Black bars on the upper boundary of each panel indicate nighttime. Note that only 50-m depth and 7 d of data from the full record are shown here. | |
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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing globally, causing economic, human health, and ecosystem harm. In spite of the frequent occurrence of HABs, the mechanisms responsible for their exceptionally high biomass remain imperfectly understood. A 50-y-old hypothesis posits that some dense blooms derive from dinoflagellate motility: organisms swim upward during the day to photosynthesize and downward at night to access deep nutrients. This allows dinoflagellates to outgrow their nonmotile competitors. We tested this hypothesis with in situ data from an autonomous, ocean-wave-powered vertical profiling system. We showed that the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra’s vertical migration led to depletion of deep nitrate during a 2020 red tide HAB event. Downward migration began at dusk, with the maximum migration depth determined by local nitrate concentrations. Losses of nitrate at depth were balanced by proportional increases in phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations and suspended particle load, conclusively linking vertical migration to the access and assimilation of deep nitrate in the ocean environment. Vertical migration during the red tide created anomalous biogeochemical conditions compared to 70 y of climatological data, demonstrating the capacity of these events to temporarily reshape the coastal ocean’s ecosystem and biogeochemistry. Advances in the understanding of the physiological, behavioral, and metabolic dynamics of HAB-forming organisms from cutting-edge observational techniques will improve our ability to forecast HABs and mitigate their consequences in the future.
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海洋海绵标本中捕获的DNA片段揭示了北大西洋深海鱼类的多样性
Trapped DNA Fragments in Marine Sponge Specimens
Unveil North Atlantic Deep-sea Fish Diversity
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作者：Erika F. Neave, Wang Cai, Maria Belén Arias, Lynsey R. Harper, Ana Riesgo and Stefano Mariani
期刊：Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
海绵通过吸水来进行滤食和扩散性吸氧。在这样做的过程中，会将生活在周围的大量生物体的痕量DNA片段困在他们的组织中。本研究表明，从存档的海绵标本中提取的环境DNA可以重建采样地点的鱼类群落，并根据生物地理区域(从西格陵兰岛到斯瓦尔巴群岛)、栖息地深度(80-1600米)、甚至实施保护的水平来区分北大西洋的鱼类群落组成。考虑到海洋生物多样性调查的成本，作者认为有针对性和机遇性的海绵样本，即已存放在博物馆和其他研究收藏中的样本，代表了一个宝贵的生物多样性信息宝库，可以显著扩展海洋监测的范围。
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Fig. 4 Maps showing locations of sponge specimen retrieval. Depth is indicated by the colour bar and sponge species is indicated by the shape of the points. (a) Map of the North Atlantic study area. (b) Map of the Northeast Atlantic region. (c) Map of the North American Boreal Atlantic region. (d) Map of the Norwegian-Arctic Seas Atlantic region. Sponge specimens in (b–d) are jittered for visibility and labelled 1–30 (Northeast Atlantic), 31–49 (North American Boreal) and 50–54 (Norwegian-Arctic Seas). | |
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Sponges pump water to filter feed and for diffusive oxygen uptake. In doing so, trace DNA fragments from a multitude of organisms living around them are trapped in their tissues. Here we show that the environmental DNA retrieved from archived marine sponge specimens can reconstruct the fish communities at the place of sampling and discriminate North Atlantic assemblages according to biogeographic region (from Western Greenland to Svalbard), depth habitat (80–1600 m), and even the level of protection in place. Given the cost associated with ocean biodiversity surveys, we argue that targeted and opportunistic sponge samples – as well as the specimens already stored in museums and other research collections – represent an invaluable trove of biodiversity information that can significantly extend the reach of ocean monitoring.
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声明：本版块为尝试性栏目，旨在传播分享最新科研动态。中文翻译仅供参考，中英文若有不符之处，请以英文为准。如有不妥之处，请联系 imber@ecnu.edu.cn 进行订正或要求撤稿。
Disclaimer: This column is a new trial to share cutting-edge research with wider academic community. The Chinese is not an official translation, while the English is invoked from original publication. If there is anything inappropriate, please contact imber@ecnu.edu.cn to correct us or request for a retraction.
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