The Southern Ocean, which comprises ~10% of the global ocean, is critically important to the homeostasis of the Earth system, exhibits distinctive marine biodiversity, and has tremendous scientific, diplomatic, and wilderness value. Yet, the region and its suite of global values are critically threatened by climate change, which is exacerbated by commercial fishing, an activity that provides value for relatively few industrial actors and compromises the greater values that the Southern Ocean ecosystem provides to the world. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), the arm of the Antarctic Treaty System responsible for managing Southern Ocean marine living resources, meets in October–November 2022 and is under pressure to strengthen fisheries management, especially toward climate change resilience. We encourage improved management practices that account for the environmental externalities arising from trade-offs between fishing and the global contribution of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, including under a changing climate.

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更多地考虑动物将提高海岸修复的效果

Greater Consideration of Animals

Will Enhance Coastal Restoration Outcomes

作者：Michael Sievers, Christopher J Brown, Christina A Buelow, Robin Hale, Andria Ostrowski, Megan I Saunders, Brian R Silliman, Stephen E Swearer, Mischa P Turschwell, Stephanie R Valdez and Rod M Connolly

期刊：BioScience

随着修复沿海生境的加速推进，关键是要有针对性地进行投资，以最有效地缓解和扭转生境丧失及其对生物多样性的影响。对形成生境的生物进行有效恢复的一个可能但很大程度上被忽视的障碍是，在修复规划、实施和监测中没有明确考虑非栖息地的动物。这些动物可以大大增强或削弱生态系统的功能、持久性和恢复力。例如，双壳类动物可以减少海草栖息地的硫化物胁迫，提高盐沼植被的耐旱性，而巨型食草动物则会过度放牧海草或提高海草种子的发芽率，这取决于环境。因此，了解何时、为何以及如何直接操纵或支持动物，可以增强海岸修复的成果。为了支持这种扩展的修复方法，作者提供了一个概念框架，结合了结构化决策的经验教训，并通过案例研究来说明实际方法，描述可能导致更好修复结果的潜在行动。

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Fig. 2 Four key contexts (1–4) in which animals could be manipulated and supported within coastal restoration, the actions (A–D) that can lead to positive outcomes, and examples to illustrate links between contexts and actions.

As efforts to restore coastal habitats accelerate, it is critical that investments are targeted to most effectively mitigate and reverse habitat loss and its impacts on biodiversity. One likely but largely overlooked impediment to effective restoration of habitat-forming organisms is failing to explicitly consider non-habitat-forming animals in restoration planning, implementation, and monitoring. These animals can greatly enhance or degrade ecosystem function, persistence, and resilience. Bivalves, for instance, can reduce sulfide stress in seagrass habitats and increase drought tolerance of saltmarsh vegetation, whereas megaherbivores can detrimentally overgraze seagrass or improve seagrass seed germination, depending on the context. Therefore, understanding when, why, and how to directly manipulate or support animals can enhance coastal restoration outcomes. In support of this expanded restoration approach, we provide a conceptual framework, incorporating lessons from structured decision-making, and describe potential actions that could lead to better restoration outcomes using case studies to illustrate practical approaches.

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独特的热敏性为垂直迁移生物提供了冷水能量屏障

Unique Thermal Sensitivity Imposes

a Cold-water Energetic Barrier for Vertical Migrators

作者：Brad A. Seibel and Matthew A. Birk

期刊：Nature Climate Change



海洋物种的分布范围随着气候变化而改变，这通常是由于变暖海洋中的氧气限制。作者报告了无数垂直迁移的海洋物种的独特的代谢温度敏感性，这些物种每天都要跨越与温度和氧气有关的深度梯度。在这些分类群中，选择倾向于在温暖的浅水中进行捕食者-猎物相互作用的高代谢活动，而在寒冷的深海中进行耐缺氧活动。这些不同的选择压力导致了供氧能力的热不敏感性，且增强了活性代谢率的热敏性。在寒冷的环境中，有氧活动范围会缩小，这远远超出了热力学的影响，而且与周围的氧气水平无关，这解释了热带洄游动物的原生分布以及它们在变暖事件后最近活动范围的扩大。冷水目前构成了垂直洄游动物向纬度范围扩展的能量障碍。随着气候变化导致的变暖接近并最终超过过去变暖事件期间的温度，这一能量障碍将得到缓解。

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Fig. 3 Unique temperature sensitivities of metabolic traits in vertical migrators.

a–c, Standard metabolic rates (Y, SMR; a), critical oxygen pressures (Y, PcSMR; b) and the oxygen supply capacity (Y, α = SMR PcSMR−1; c) as a function of temperature (X) in tropical vertical migrators (red) and diverse coastal species (black; Supplementary Table 2). d, The temperature sensitivities (E) for SMR (X) and PcSMR (Y) are similar to each other (y = 0.94X + 0.21, n = 7 species; P = 0.06, two-tailed t-test; Supplementary Table 2), falling just above the dashed unity line. For coastal species, the SMR is more temperature sensitive than PcSMR (Supplementary Table 2; y = 0.62X - 0.06, n = 20 species; P = 4.3 × 10−5, two-tailed t-test). Thus, in migrators, the oxygen supply capacity is higher (P = 1.76 × 10−9; two-tailed t-test) and relatively insensitive to temperature (P = 3.06 × 10−10, two-tailed t-test) compared with coastal marine animals.

Alterations of marine species’ ranges with climate change are often attributed to oxygen limitation in warming oceans. Here we report unique metabolic temperature sensitivities for the myriad of vertically migrating oceanic species that daily cross depth-related gradients in temperature and oxygen. In these taxa, selection favours high metabolic activity for predator–prey interactions in warm shallow water and hypoxia tolerance in the cold at depth. These diverging selective pressures result in thermal insensitivity of oxygen supply capacity and enhanced thermal sensitivity of active metabolic rate. Aerobic scope is diminished in the cold, well beyond thermodynamic influences and regardless of ambient oxygen levels, explaining the native distributions of tropical migrators and their recent range expansions following warming events. Cold waters currently constitute an energetic barrier to latitudinal range expansion in vertical migrators. As warming due to climate change approaches, and eventually surpasses, temperatures seen during past warming events, this energetic barrier will be relieved.

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声明：本版块为尝试性栏目，旨在传播分享最新科研动态。中文翻译仅供参考，中英文若有不符之处，请以英文为准。如有不妥之处，请联系 imber@ecnu.edu.cn 进行订正或要求撤稿。

Disclaimer: This column is a new trial to share cutting-edge research with wider academic community. The Chinese is not an official translation, while the English is invoked from original publication. If there is anything inappropriate, please contact imber@ecnu.edu.cn to correct us or request for a retraction.

各类会议资源

Events, Webinars and Conferences

第三届海洋空间规划国际会议 将于 11月22日至23日 在西班牙巴塞罗那和线上举行，点击线上参会

3^rd International Conference on Marine Spatial Planning, 22-23 November. Online attendance only at this stage

海洋碳和生物地球化学项目（OCB）范围研讨会：与商业捕鱼团体合作，建立一个具有成本效益的沿海生物地球化学观测网络 将于  2023年1月18至20日 在美国伍兹霍尔举行

OCB Scoping Workshop: Building a Cost-effective Coastal Biogeochemical Observing Network in Collaboration with the Commercial Fishing Community, Woods Hole, MA USA. 18-20 January 2023

未来海岸海洋气候研讨会 将于 2023年2月21至23日 在英国利物浦举行，点击注册和提交摘要

Future Coastal Ocean Climates Workshop, 21-23 February 2023, Liverpool, UK. Register and submit abstracts now

2023年联合国水资源大会  将于 2023年3月22至24日 在美国纽约 举行

UN 2023 Water Conference, New York, USA. 22-24 March 2023

第五届气候变化对全球海洋的影响大会（ECCWO-5）将于 2023年4月17至21日 在挪威卑尔根和线上举行，请于11月5日 前提交摘要

5^th Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans (ECCWO-5), Bergen, Norway and online. 17-21 April 2023. Submit an abstract by 5 November

2023年可持续发展研究与创新大会将于 2023年6月26至30日 在巴拿马巴拿马城和线上举行，现征集会议提案，请于 12月21日 前提交

Sustainability Research + Innovation 2023, Panama City, Panama and online. 26-30 June 2023. Submit a proposal by 21 December

发展机会

Jobs and Opportunities

• 国际海洋水色协调工作组（IOCCG）Trevor Platt 纪念奖学金，请于 11月11日 前申请
• IOCCG Trevor Platt Memorial Scholarship. Apply by 11 November

• 海洋管理委员会征集主席和委员会成员提名，请于 11月14日 前提交
• Call for Chair and Board Members: Marine Stewardship Council. Submit nominations by 14 November

• 海洋气候观测专家委员会（OOPC）招募成员，请于 11月15日 前申请
• Call for members: Ocean observations physics and climate panel (OOPC). Apply by 15 November