专刊介绍 | IMBeR西太平洋会议“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”
本期信息将与订阅者分享IMBeR西太平洋会议“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”专刊
第一卷的精彩内容
Welcome to the IMBeR IPO-China newsletter. This special edition of our newsletter shares the scientific papers from volume 1 of the special issue entitled IMBeR West Pacific Symposium: Changing West Pacific Ocean: Science and Sustainability, published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography.
|
|
国际海洋生物圈整合研究计划（IMBeR）于2021年11月举办了“变化中的西太平洋—科学与可持续” 西太平洋线上会议，吸引了全球900余名专家学者和各界人士参加。会议围绕西太平洋及其邻近的印度洋和南大洋不断变化的海洋生物圈，涉及了海岸带蓝碳、珊瑚礁、小鱼干、海洋极端事件、海洋顶级捕食者、热带海洋生态系统等研究内容。通过文本数据分析，本次会议专题报告与联合国可持续发展目标（Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs）以及IMBeR科学目标存在显著的一致性，并具有明显的跨学科性与社会相关性。本次会议成果包含形成焦点研究小组及专刊出版，在塑造未来海洋研究议程中发挥重要作用。
IMBeR西太平洋会议“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”专刊共收录17篇文章，分为一、二两卷。本期信息将与订阅者分享第一卷的九篇学术论文，涵盖海岸带蓝碳、珊瑚礁、小鱼干、海洋顶级捕食者的相关研究成果。第二卷的精彩内容将在下期与大家分享，敬请期待！
我们衷心感谢期刊主编张经教授、所有义务奉献的客座编辑和匿名审稿人，在漫长的编辑过程中慷慨提供了富有见地的专业意见和指导。IMBeR对于海岸带蓝碳专题的召集人和编辑唐剑武教授（Jianwu (Jim) Tang, 1970-2023）深表敬意，他的承诺和贡献将永远铭记。
|
|
上图展示了IMBeR西太平洋会议专题报告与17个联合国可持续发展目标以及IMBeR三大科学目标（重大挑战）之间的广泛关系（Hong et al., 2024）
This figure showing the broader relationship among the IMBeR West Pacific Symposium presentations, 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, and 3 overarching IMBeR science objectives (Grand Challenges) (Hong et al., 2024).
|
|
The IMBeR West Pacific Symposium was held online in November 2021, and it drew more than nine hundred participants from around the world under the theme of “Changing West Pacific Ocean: Science and Sustainability”. The symposium addressed the changing marine biosphere of the West Pacific and its neighboring Indian and Southern oceans, covering the coastal blue carbon, coral reefs, dried small fish, marine extreme events, oceanic top predators, and the tropical ocean ecosystem. A comprehensive text analysis revealed significant alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and IMBeR overarching science objectives, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature and societal relevance of the research presented. The symposium's outcomes, including Focus Study Groups and a special issue, underscore its pivotal role in shaping future marine research agendas.
The special issue entitled IMBeR West Pacific Symposium: Changing West Pacific Ocean: Science and Sustainability consists of 17 papers, and divided into two volumes. This newsletter shares the nine academic papers of the first volume, covering research on coastal blue carbon, coral reefs, dried small fish, and the oceanic top predators. Please stay tuned for the next newsletter, sharing the scientific highlights of volume 2 of this special issue.
More details can be found in the special issue editorial: Changing marine biosphere in the West Pacific Ocean: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105357
We express our profound gratitude to the journal editor Prof. Jing Zhang, and extend our heartfelt appreciation to all voluntary guest editors and anonymous reviewers for their generous provision of insightful expert comments and guidance throughout the lengthy editorial process. Furthermore, IMBeR pays tribute to the commitment and contributions of coastal blue carbon topic convener and editor Prof. Jianwu (Jim) Tang, who passed away in 2023.
|
|
专刊第一卷研究成果速览
Quick Overview of Research Findings of Special Issue Volume 1
|
|
阿德利企鹅面对巨型浮冰时的行为反应
Behavioral responses of Adélie penguins confronting a giant ice floe
|
|
作者：Seongseop Park, Hosung Chung, Won Young Lee
近期南极洲环境的急剧变化导致海洋生物频繁遭遇突发障碍。阿德利企鹅是南极生态系统中的顶级捕食者之一，据报道由于大型冰山和浮冰的出现，阿德利企鹅面临着栖息地环境的变化。本文于2018年12月利用GPS和时间-深度记录仪记录了南极罗斯海阿德利洞穴育雏期阿德利企鹅的觅食行为，观测期间，一块面积达240平方公里的大型浮冰逐渐接近其觅食区。本文的目标是探究阿德利企鹅如何应对此类自然障碍。研究结果显示，在18只企鹅中，有4只企鹅向银鱼湾冰面的南部移动，另外14只企鹅则进一步向东移动，越过大型浮冰到达稀疏浮冰区。到达稀疏冰区的14只企鹅中，有7只企鹅越过浮冰表面，2只企鹅绕过了北部冰界，5只企鹅绕过了南部冰界。与恩克斯堡岛上的邻近企鹅种群相比，阿德利企鹅觅食行为的持续时间更长，移动距离更远。本文研究结果表明，巨型浮冰可能会改变企鹅的觅食路径，企鹅需要消耗更多的能量和时间绕过或穿越冰区以到达觅食区。为了更好地理解这一点，需要进一步的研究来评估企鹅是否会受到这些变化的影响。
（实习生周皓悦编译）
Recent rapid environmental changes in Antarctica have often produced a sudden barrier to the marine animals. Adélie penguins, one of the top predators in the Antarctic ecosystem, are reported to confront the changes near the habitats by the appearance of large icebergs or drift ice. We tracked the foraging trips of Adélie penguins with GPS and time-depth recorders during the chick-guarding period in December 2018, at Adélie Cove in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, when 240 km2 of a giant ice floe was approaching near the foraging areas. Here, we aimed to investigate how Adélie penguins respond to these natural obstacles. Our results showed that, among the 18 penguins, 4 individuals moved to the south of the Silverfish Bay fast ice and 14 moved further east beyond the large ice floe to the sparse drift ice. The 14 birds on the sparse ice either crossed (through the ice floe surface, n=7) or bypassed (to the northern ice boundary, n=2; to the southern ice boundary, n=5). Compared to a neighboring population on Inexpressible Island, Adélie Cove penguins had a longer foraging trip duration and movement distance. Our results suggest that the giant ice floe could alter the foraging paths and penguins bypassed or crossed the ice to reach their foraging areas by spending more energy and time. For better understanding, further studies are required to estimate if penguins suffer from these changes.
|
|
台湾海峡半封闭浅水海湾颗粒物循环的210Po和210Pb示踪
210Po and 210Pb as tracers for particle cycling in a shallow semi-enclosed bay of Taiwan Strait
|
|
作者：Qiangqiang Zhong, Wenyi Guo, Hao Wang, Jianda Ji, Jing Lin, Jinzhou Du, Dekun Huang, Tao Yu
自然存在的210Po和210Pb是河口海岸环境颗粒物循环的良好示踪剂。本文通过测量漳江口-东山湾大气干湿沉降、河水和表层海水样品中210Po和210Pb的活度，研究了这些颗粒活性核素的地球化学清除速率（或滞留时间）。210Po和210Pb的空间分布受悬浮颗粒物（Suspended Particulate Matter, SPM）浓度影响显著，几乎全部站点的210Po和210Pb都以颗粒态存在（210Po占总量的51.7%-92.2%，210Pb占总量的44.3%-90.3%）。观测结果表明，受高浓度悬浮颗粒物影响，漳江最大浑浊带内210Po和210Pb的清除增强，溶解态核素活度显著下降。本文通过建立质量平衡模型，发现与研究区域的其他来源（如河流输运或自身增长）相比，大气输入是这些放射性核素的主要来源。计算结果表明，溶解态和颗粒态210Pb的滞留时间分别为2.2-9.8天和0.5-8.9天，溶解态和颗粒态210Po的滞留时间分别为6.3-31.7天和2.2-13.9天。本研究意外发现浑浊带区域内颗粒态210Po和210Pb的滞留时间最长（约两周），表明浑浊带区域的SPMs不容易沉降至海底。同时，本文也发现浑浊带区域内不同SPMs对应的210Po/210Pb活度比有显著差异，其增长顺序为：旱季大气沉降<河流中的SPMs<漳江口-东山湾的SPMs<生物源颗粒物（包括碎屑、粪便颗粒、浮游植物细胞和浮游动物细胞）。这一现象表明，颗粒物中的210Po/210Pb活度比具有区分近海SPM来源的潜在应用价值。
（实习生梁欣宇编译）
Naturally-occurring 210Po and 210Pb are good tracers for particle cycling in the estuarine and coastal environment. Activities of 210Po and 210Pb were measured in samples of bulk (wet+dry) atmospheric deposition, river water and surface seawater collected in the Zhangjiang Estuary-Dongshan Bay to investigate the geochemical scavenging rates (or residence times) of these particle-reactive nuclides. The spatial distribution of 210Po and 210Pb were strongly influenced by suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations and in almost all stations, 210Po and 210Pb were mainly in particulate form (51.7%–92.2% of the total for 210Po and from 44.3% to 90.3% for 210Pb). Due to the very high SPM concentration, enhanced scavenging of 210Po and 210Pb was observed in the maximum turbidity zone of Zhangjiang River, with a marked decrease of dissolved nuclides’ activities. We built a mass balance model and we found out that atmospheric inputs are the major source of these radionuclides comparing with other sources (e.g., river inputs or ingrowth production) in the study area. Residence times of 210Pb were calculated to be 2.2–9.8 and 0.5–8.9 days for dissolved and particulate 210Pb, respectively. And residence times of dissolved and particulate 210Po were 6.3–31.7 and 2.2–13.9 days, respectively. In the turbidity zone, we found an unexpected result that particulate 210Po and 210Pb had the longest residence times (about two weeks), suggesting that SPMs in the turbidity zone would not be easy to sink to the sea floor. We also found that different SPMs showed significantly different 210Po/210Pb activity ratios, which increased in the following order: atmospheric deposition in dry season<SPMs in river<SPMs in the Zhangjiang Eastuary-Dongshan Bay<biogenic particles (including detritus, fecal pellets, cells of phytoplankton and zooplankton). This phenomenon implied that 210Po/210Pb activity ratio in the particles has the potential application in distinguishing SPM sources in the coastal seas.
|
|
琉球群岛广纬度范围内珊瑚群落的评估
An assessment of Ryukyu Archipelago's coral communities over a wide latitudinal range
|
作者：Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Konomi Takeuchi, Akira Iguchi, Kazuhiko Sakai, Dio Dirgantara, Takashi Nakamura
在过去几十年中，由于气候变化和人类活动的影响，日本的珊瑚礁发生了显著变化。琉球群岛因其独特的地理位置，为研究环境变化、连通性、韧性、气候变化和广纬度范围内海洋生物多样性适应性之间的相互作用提供了独特的环境梯度。为详细评估琉球群岛珊瑚礁的基线水平，本文采用点样线法比较了琉球群岛六个区域的底栖生物群落组成，探究了纬度梯度对其的影响，并强调了各区域的特征。本文共对69个独立珊瑚礁站位进行现场调查。统计数据显示，琉球群岛硬珊瑚的总体覆盖率为22.41%±7.98（平均值±标准差）。琉球群岛最丰富的底栖生物群落是草皮海藻（39.72%±7.21），除奄美大岛外，其他地区的总体覆盖率均超过40%。本文记录并鉴定了琉球群岛2607个造礁石珊瑚个体群落，涵盖了隶属于17科55属的珊瑚。鹿角珊瑚科的总体相对丰度最高（32.22%），其次是裸肋珊瑚科（27.69%）和滨珊瑚科（14.38%）。本文研究结果突显了琉球群岛珊瑚礁的现状，为未来生态变化下的大尺度生态系统研究提供基线数据。
（实习生梁欣宇编译）
Japan's coral reefs have changed dramatically over the last several decades due to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Due to its dynamic location, the islands of Ryukyu Archipelago offer a unique environmental gradient to study the interactions between environmental variations, connectivity, resilience, climate change and adaptation of marine biodiversity along a wide latitudinal gradient. To obtain detailed baseline assessments of the reefs of Ryukyu Islands, we carried out Point Intercept Transect surveys to compare the assemblages of benthic communities in six regions of Ryukyu Archipelago, examining the influence of latitude gradient and emphasising on regional features. A total of 69 individual reef sites were surveyed for this study. The overall hard coral cover for Ryukyu archipelago was 22.41%±7.98 (Mean±SD) from pooled dataset. The most abundant benthic assemblage for Ryukyu Archipelago was turf algae (39.72%±7.21) with all regions except Amami Oshima Island having overall cover above 40%. A total of 2607 individual colonies of hermatypic corals were recorded and identified up to genus level for this study where 55 genera of corals belonging to 17 families were recorded for Ryukyu Archipelago. The overall relative abundance was highest for Acroporidae family (32.22%), followed by Merulinidae family (27.69%) and Poritidae family (14.38%). Our results highlight the current condition of the reefs of Ryukyu archipelago and offers baseline data on broad scale ecosystem where future ecological change could be compared.
|
日本濑户内海中部蓝点马鲛仔稚鱼捕食行为对鳀鱼仔稚鱼的潜在影响
Potential impact of predation by larval Spanish mackerel on larval anchovy in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan
|
作者：Wataru Deguchi, Tatsunori Fujita, Michio Yoneda, Naoaki Kono, Masayuki Yamamoto, Kaito Harada, Jun Shoji, Takeshi Tomiyama
日本鳀鱼从仔稚鱼到成鱼阶段都是重要的鱼干原料。自2013年以来，日本濑户内海中部鳀鱼仔稚鱼的捕获量显著减少，不足2002年最大渔获量的3.9%；然而，导致这种减少的原因尚不明确。在过去十年里，尽管日本鳀鱼鱼卵数量丰富，但包括仔稚鱼和早期幼鱼在内的鱼类早期补充幼体数量减少，这表明多数仔稚鱼无法存活到幼体期。与之相反，日本濑户内海蓝点马鲛鱼存量增加，而蓝点马鲛仔稚鱼是鳀鱼仔稚鱼的主要捕食者。据推测，蓝点马鲛密度的增加可能导致捕食机会增多，在下行控制作用的影响下，鳀鱼早期幼体数量降低。本文利用生物拖网实地调研了2018年和2019年蓝点马鲛幼鱼和鳀鱼幼鱼的丰度。五月下旬蓝点马鲛鱼幼鱼的平均密度为1.5-3.3 inds/100 m3，鳀鱼幼鱼的平均密度为1058-1346 inds/100 m3，均高于2002-2005年蓝点马鲛鱼幼鱼和鳀鱼幼鱼的平均密度。本文通过构建Stella模型，在考虑蓝点马鲛仔稚鱼捕食量的基础上，模拟了鳀鱼仔稚鱼在达到商品规格前的生长和存活情况。模拟结果表明，2018年蓝点马鲛仔稚鱼对鳀鱼仔稚鱼的捕食量不足鳀鱼初始丰度的4%，未超过2005年。与之相反，由于母体条件降低，鳀鱼仔稚鱼生长速度的降低会对其存活产生不利影响。因此，该模型结果并不能完全支持上述假说。
（实习生郑好编译）
Japanese anchovy is used as an essential dried fish material from the larval to adult stages. In the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan, the catch of larval anchovy has markedly decreased to <3.9% of the maximum recorded in 2002 since 2013; however, the reason causing this reduction has not been well understood. The abundance of recruit fish, including larvae and early juveniles, has decreased in the last decade, despite abundant eggs, suggesting that the majority of larvae do not survive before recruitment. In contrast, the stock of Japanese Spanish mackerel, whose larvae are the major predator of larval anchovy, has increased in the Seto Inland Sea. It is hypothesized that an increase in the density of Spanish mackerel may have a top-down control on the decrease in anchovy recruitment by an increase in predation opportunities. In this study, we investigated the abundance of Spanish mackerel and anchovy larvae using a bongo net in the field in 2018 and 2019. The average densities of larvae in late May were 1.5–3.3 individuals (inds)/100 m3 and 1058–1346 inds/100 m3 for the Spanish mackerel and the anchovy, respectively; both were higher than those in 2002–2005. We constructed a Stella model, simulating the growth and survival of larval anchovy until they reached the commercial sizes by taking into account consumption by larval Spanish mackerel. The model suggested that the consumption of larval anchovy by larval Spanish mackerel accounted for <4% of the initial abundance of anchovy in 2018, which was not greater than that in 2005. In contrast, the reduction in the growth rates of larval anchovy due to reduced maternal conditions can adversely affect their survival. Thus, the results did not fully support the hypothesis mentioned above.
|
|
南爪哇季节性印尼贯穿流对黄泽小沙丁鱼遗传连通性的决定作用
Seasonal Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) across southern Java determines genetic connectivity of Sardinella lemuru (Bleeker, 1835)
|
|
作者：A. Sartimbul, V.A. Winata, R.D. Kasitowati, F. Iranawati, E. Rohadi, D. Yona, U.G. Anjeli, W.S. Pranowo, F.M. Lauro
巴厘海峡的黄泽小沙丁鱼（Sardinella lemuru）种群被认为濒临灭绝。尽管鱼类数量减少，但在2019年第二次季风过渡期间，在Prigi海域记录到黄泽小沙丁鱼的捕获量意外增加。本文结合分子分类法和可数性状-可量性状分析方法，确定了东爪哇南部海域（Prigi和Puger）与菲律宾海域黄泽小沙丁鱼种群间的遗传联系。分析结果表明，Prigi和菲律宾海域的黄泽小沙丁鱼种群之间存在广泛的遗传混合。菲律宾黄泽小沙丁鱼种群样本主要集中在Clade-1、单倍群A和B，表现出较高的遗传连通性。单倍型网络和单倍群相对频率的推断模式表明，黄泽小沙丁种群间的扩散、遗传同质性以及地理障碍的缺失也得到了海洋季节性环流模型的支持：东南季风期间，印尼贯穿流、南爪哇流显著增强，沿爪哇南岸的西向洋流次之。本文研究结果证实了黄泽小沙丁鱼种群扩散到次级捕捞区域（Prigi海域），由于受到印尼贯穿流和局地季节环流的影响，2019年浮游生物丰度较高。Clade-2 中 Puger-2017 和 Prigi-2017 其余部分的独特序列与 Clade-1 的总体遗传距离适中，这可能是由于Puger水团受到爪哇海和马都拉海峡的影响，或是从印度尼西亚西部或爪哇海的栖息地迁移而来。
（实习生叶晟晖编译）
Sardinella lemuru populations are considered near-threatened in Bali Strait. Despite declining fish stock, documented landings of S. lemuru at the Prigi waters unexpectedly climbed during the 2nd transitional inter-monsoon season of 2019. Here we used a combination of molecular taxonomy and morphometrics-meristics to determine the genetic link between S. lemuru populations in East Java's southern seas (Prigi and Puger) and those in the Philippines. The results of both molecular and morphometric-meristic analyses suggest that extensive genetic mixing between the populations from Prigi and the Philippines is occurring. Most samples clustered with the S. lemuru populations from the Philippines in Clade-1 and Haplogroup A and B implied high genetic connectivity. The inferred patterns of haplotype network and haplogroup relative frequency indicate the dispersal, genetic homogeneity, and absence of geographical barriers between S. lemuru populations were also supported by a seasonal model of ocean circulation: during the southeast monsoon, greater Indonesian Through-Flow and South Java Current, followed by westward currents along Java's south coast. The findings of this study give much-needed evidence that S. lemuru populations disperse to a secondary fishing area (in Prigi waters), followed by high plankton abundance in 2019, as a result of ITF and local seasonal circulation. The unique sequences of Puger-2017 and the remainder of Prigi-2017 in Clade-2 with overall moderate genetic distance separated from Clade-1 because the Puger water mass are influenced by the Java Sea and Madura Strait or possibly migrated from their habitats in the western part of Indonesia or the Java Sea.
|
|
热带海草草甸中藻类对有机碳固存的贡献及其特征
Algal contribution to organic carbon sequestration and its signatures in a tropical seagrass meadow
|
|
作者：Natasha Arina, Nur Hidayah, Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong, Mohammad Rozaimi
藻类构成了丰富的沿海栖息地，贡献了全球最大的二氧化碳通量。多数藻类生物量以颗粒有机物（Organic Matter, OM）的形式输送到近岸海域，其中碳的主要贡献源自沉积环境。确定藻类贡献和其他主要有机碳（Organic Carbon, OC）来源对确定蓝碳栖息地中的外源贡献和内源贡献至关重要。本文利用双稳定同位素测定（δ13C和δ15N）和环境DNA（eDNA）分析法，确定了藻类对Tanjung Adang浅滩（马来西亚柔佛州）海草草甸中有机碳储存的贡献。稳定同位素分析结果表明，红树林是沉积物有机碳库的最大贡献者，其次是悬浮物、大型藻类、附生植物和海草。作为藻源性有机物，悬浮物、大型藻类和附生植物的联合有机物输入贡献占主体沉积物中有机物的41.4-55.4%。利用eDNA方法检测沉积物全样，确定了海草草甸中存在的属/科级藻类类型。结果表明，主要大型藻类为珊瑚目、刚毛藻科和石莼科，而硅藻是沉积物中的主要微藻。上述结果揭示了藻类在海草生态系统碳封存过程中的重要性。为应对全球和局地的环境变化，了解藻类在碳储存中的贡献及其与沉积物间的相互作用是至关重要的。
（实习生梁欣宇编译）
Algae form prolific coastal habitats and contribute the largest carbon dioxide (CO2) flux globally. Most of the algal biomass is transported to the coastal ocean as particulate organic matter (OM), of which the contribution of carbon occurs mainly in depositional environments. Identifying the algal contribution alongside other major sources of organic carbon (OC) is crucial for determining allochthonous and autochthonous contributions in blue carbon habitats. In this study, we identified the algal contribution to OC storage in the seagrass meadow of Tanjung Adang Shoal (Johor, Malaysia) using dual-stable isotope measurements (δ13C and δ15N) and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. Stable isotope analysis showed that mangrove plants are the largest contributor to organic carbon pool in the sediments, followed by seston, macroalgae, epiphytes and seagrasses. The combined proportions of sestonic, macroalgal and epiphytic inputs as algal-derived organic matter had contributed a cumulative of 41.4–55.4% of organic matter in the bulk sediment. The eDNA method was used to examine bulk sediments and determine the types of algae present in the seagrass meadow at the genus/family level. Results showed that the main macroalgae present were from member of Coralinalles, Cladophoraceae and Ulvaceae, while diatoms were the predominant microalgae found in the sediment. These findings shed light on the importance of algae in carbon sequestration in the seagrass ecosystem. Understanding the role of algae in carbon storage and their interactions with sediment is crucial in the face of global and local environmental changes.
|
|
基于气候模型模拟的集成机器学习方法对海表温度可预测性的评估
Sea surface temperature predictability assessment with an ensemble machine learning method using climate model simulations
|
|
作者：Fabio Boschetti, Ming Feng, Jason R. Hartog, Alistair J. Hobday, Xuebin Zhang
集成模型、统计分析和机器学习（Machine Learning, ML）可用于预测快速变化海洋中的新情况。传统概念中，机器学习通常被视为是一种纯数据驱动的方法，被应用于观测数据和模型数据预测海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature, SST）异常。本文仅以气候模型数据作为机器学习的训练样本，用以预测区域海表温度的变化，从而体现了机器学习作为集成模型插值器的新功能。本文提出了一种可以衡量不同机器学习实现和标准时间序列分析方法可预测性的方法。该方法通过基于模型数据计算得到的可预测性度量值对每个预测结果进行加权，显著提高了预测结果的准确性。本文展示了该方法在澳大利亚周边、Nino3.4区（赤道中东太平洋）和东赤道太平洋地区的性能。分析结果显示，海表温度预测结果受地理位置、研究区域范围、季节、离岸距离和模型数据质量的共同影响。
（实习生郑好编译）
Ensemble models, statistical analysis and machine learning (ML) can be used to predict novel conditions in a rapidly changing ocean. Traditionally, ML has been understood as a purely data-driven approach and has been used on both observational and model data to forecast Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies. Here we use ML trained only on climate model simulations to predict regional SST variations, thereby suggesting a novel role for ML as an ensemble model interpolator. We propose a measure of the predictability provided by different ML implementations as well as by standard time series analysis methods. Weighting each forecast by this predictability measure computed on model data only, provides a significant improvement in forecast skill. We demonstrate the performance of this approach for regions around Australia, the Nino3.4 region (central-eastern equatorial Pacific) and in the eastern equatorial Pacific. These analyses show that SST predictability varies as a function of geographical location, area size, seasonality, proximity to the coast and model data quality.
|
|
Distinct patterns of coral lesion composition from national/quasi-national marine parks of Kerama and Yoron Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago
|
|
作者：Dio Dirgantara, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Takashi Nakamura
日本南部琉球群岛海域存在丰富多样的珊瑚群落。虽然自2000年以来该区域珊瑚病害报告有所增加，但各岛屿间珊瑚疾病的差异有限。本文对琉球群岛内相距150公里的庆良间群岛海洋公园以及与论岛准海洋公园区域进行了调查，以揭示该区域珊瑚病变的组成与模式。调查结果显示，在30个珊瑚属中发现了12处明显损伤。与论岛珊瑚总体病变丰度比庆良间群岛（13.40±1.36%）高22%，总体平均病变丰度为16.83±1.66%（平均值±标准差）。每个岛屿都展现出独特的模式和珊瑚病变成分组。与论岛多种珊瑚属受到严重感染，病变组（7.21±1.37%）以白化病（White Syndrome, WS）和黑带病（Black Band Disease, BBD）为主。庆良间群岛珊瑚主要受到非病变组损伤（9.76±1.33%），如Chalinula nematifera海绵在珊瑚表面过度生长。与论岛的厚丝珊瑚属对疾病的易感性最高（17.79%），庆良间群岛的鹿角珊瑚对疾病的易感性最高（8.32%）。此外，庆良间群岛和与论岛的滨珊瑚都受到了病害和非病害损伤的影响。上述研究成果强调了庆良间群岛和与论岛海洋公园区域珊瑚群落面临的潜在威胁，这可能是限制石珊瑚类群生存和生长的因素之一。此外，为预防珊瑚疾病的爆发，需要立即开展环境监测。
（实习生刘熙茜编译）
A wide variety of coral communities are found in the Ryukyu Archipelago in southern Japan. Although reports of coral diseases and lesions in this region have increased since the 2000's, the variations of coral diseases among islands are somewhat limited. In this study, we conducted surveys to reveal the coral lesion assemblage and patterns in the marine national park area of Kerama Island and the quasi-national park on Yoron Island. Both sites are located 150km away apart in the Ryukyu Archipelago. In total, 12 gross lesions were found in 30 coral genera. Corals in Yoron Island had 22% greater gross lesion abundance than Kerama Island (13.40±1.36%) with an overall mean lesion abundance of 16.83±1.66% (mean± SE). Each Island shows a distinct pattern and group of coral lesion compositions. The disease lesion group of 7.21±1.37% was dominated by White Syndrome (WS) and Black Band Disease (BBD), which severely infected various coral genera in Yoron Island. Corals in Kerama Island were predominantly affected by non-disease group lesion (9.76±1.33%), such as Chalinula nematifera (CN) sponge overgrowing on the coral surface. Corals in the genus Pachyseris were highly susceptible (17.79%) to the diseases on Yoron Island, while Acroporid corals were the most susceptible (8.32%) to the diseases on Kerama Island. In addition, Porites were affected by disease and non-disease lesions from all sites in both Kerama and Yoron. These findings highlight the emergence of potential threats to coral communities in these national/quasi-national marine parks in Kerama and Yoron Island, which may be a factor limiting the survival and growth of key Scleractinian coral taxa. In addition, immediate consideration of environmental monitoring may be required to prevent coral disease outbreaks in the future.
|
|
菲律宾西米沙鄢海的Lobo-lobo鱼苗渔业：丰度、渔获组成及潜在渔业影响
The Lobo-lobo fry fishery in the western Visayan Sea, Philippines: Abundance, catch composition, and potential fisheries impact
|
|
作者：Alexanra Bagarinao-Regalado, Wilfredo L. Campos, Lucas R. Felix Jr., Ryan Dexter Piloton
Lobo-lobo是指在菲律宾米沙鄢海西部用细网捕获的小型鱼类，其市场范围延伸至米沙鄢海外，甚至可以远销海外。由于消费者需求旺盛，因此全年都有捕捞目标。本文对2016 年 6 月至 12 月和 2020 年 6 月至 2021 年 10 月伊洛伊洛康塞普西翁邻近水域作业的细网渔船的围网渔获物进行了逐日监测，主要围网目标为小型鱼类和早期幼鱼。监测结果显示，渔获物包含多个物种，并显示了Lobo-lobo渔业对早期幼鱼的筛选。Lobo-lobo渔获组成涵盖至少53科，其中以鳀科（78.5%）和鲱科（13.1%）为主，主要由体长范围为0.2至3.6厘米的仔稚鱼和早期幼鱼组成。观测期间，地方船队围网的年渔获总量为313.8公吨至869.0公吨。捕捞作业集中在Tago岛和Igbon岛之间，全年表现基本一致，但渔获组成和比例随季节变化。该区域可能是一个重要的栖息地，支持多种物种的生长和生存。保护该区域并限制使用细网捕捞鱼苗可能会对当地鱼类种群产生总体积极的影响。
（实习生张郑颖编译）
Lobo-lobo are small fishes that are caught using fine mesh nets in the western Visayan Sea whose market extends outside of the Visayan Sea, and perhaps even outside of the country. With high consumer demands, it is targeted year-round. Catches of fine-meshed boat seines operating in the waters off Concepcion, Iloilo which target large amounts of small and early juvenile fishes were monitored daily from June to December 2016 and June 2020 to October 2021. Results showed that catches were comprised of several species and clearly show the selection for early juveniles by the lobo-lobo fishery. At least 53 families comprise the lobo-lobo catches, dominated by Engraulidae (78.5%) and Clupeidae (13.1%), and are mostly comprised of post-larvae and early juveniles with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 3.6 cm standard length. The estimated total annual catch of the local boat seine fleet during the study period ranged from 313.8 mt to 869.0 mt. The fishing operations are concentrated between Tago and Igbon Islands and appear to be consistent throughout the year, but the composition and proportion of catches differed seasonally. This area appears to be a critical habitat, supporting the growth and survival of several species. Protecting this area and restricting the use of fine-meshed nets targeting fry will likely have an overall positive impact on the local fish stocks.
|
|
声明：本期信息旨在传播分享IMBeR西太平洋会议专刊第一卷发布的最新科研动态，中文翻译仅供参考，中英文若有不符之处，请以英文为准。如有不妥之处，请联系 [email protected] 进行订正或要求撤稿。
Disclaimer: This newsletter shares scientific findings from the volume 1 of the special issue of IMBeR West Pacific Symposium. The Chinese is not an official translation, while the English is invoked from original publication. If there is anything inappropriate, please contact [email protected] to correct us or request for a retraction.
|
|
联系我们
IMBeR国际项目办公室（中国）
华东师范大学 河口海岸学国家重点实验室
东川路500号
中国 上海 200241
Tel: 86 021 5483 6463
|
|
Contact Us
IMBeR International Project Office - China
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University
500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
Tel: 86 021 5483 6463
Editors
GiHoon HONG, Fang ZUO,
Kai QIN, Suhui QIAN
from IMBeR IPO-China
Assistant Editors
|
|
IMBeR is a Large-Scale Ocean Research Project under SCOR and a Global Research Project under Future Earth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
