The Journal of Nutrition
Media Alerts
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The following articles have been published in the May 2019 issue of
The Journal of Nutrition, a publication of the American Society for Nutrition. Summaries of the selected articles appear below; the full text of each article is available by clicking on the links listed. Manuscripts published in
The Journal of Nutrition are embargoed until the article appears online either as in press (
Articles in Press) or as a final version. The embargoes for the following
articles have expired (
Editor's Choice Articles in bold
):
- Soothing infants with food may inadvertently teach children to associate food with emotions
- Reducing inflammation improves vitamin B-6 status in rheumatoid arthritis patients
- Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened soda increases diabetes risk in Mexican women
- Extrinsically labeled wheat using two zinc isotopes can be used to effectively determine zinc absorption
- Preference for salt taste among children is not affected by repeated exposure to lower sodium foods
- Correction of iron status prediction equations using inflammatory markers improves detection of iron deficiency
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Soothing infants with food may inadvertently teach children to associate food with emotions
New research findings by
Jansen and colleagues provides evidence that the use of food to comfort distressed infants may contribute to unhealthy eating behaviors and body composition throughout middle and late childhood.
In this large, population-based birth cohort study, parents of 3960 children reported on the use of food to soothe their 6 mo. old infants, and on child eating behavior at age 4 and 10 y. Emotional feeding was assessed by asking mothers if they had comforted their child by providing food or drink in the last 2 wk. Three answering options were provided: never, sometimes, and often. Body composition, which included measurements of body fat mass, bone mass, and lean mass, was measured at ages 6 and 10 y. Eating behaviors of children were assessed with an eating behavior questionnaire, which included two dimensions: emotional overeating and food responsiveness.
For More Information:
To contact the corresponding author, Dr. Jansen, send an e-mail
to
[email protected]
.
To contact the corresponding author for the commentary, Dr. Ferraro, e-mail
[email protected]
Reducing inflammation improves vitamin B-6 status in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Using a new functional biomarker of vitamin B-6,
Sande and colleagues
investigated vitamin B-6 status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after established treatment with TNFα inhibitors. The study results reveal that improved vitamin B-6 status may be related to reduction of inflammation by TNFα inhibitors. A total of 106 patients participated in this longitudinal study. Eligible patients, aged between 18 and 75 y, were evaluated at baseline and after 3 mo. treatment with TNFα inhibitors. A total of 28 standard joints were assessed and used to calculate a disease activity score. Ultrasonography scores were calculated by adding the score from 32 joints, each rated between 0 and 3 according to severity of inflammation. Responses to treatment with TNFα inhibitors were classified as good responders, moderate responders, or non-responders. After 3 mo. treatment with TNFα inhibitors, clinical parameters improved for the majority of participants, and better clinical response to treatment was associated with a proportional improvement in vitamin B-6 status. These findings highlight the relevance of monitoring vitamin B-6 status during treatment with TNFα inhibitors.
For More Information:
To contact the corresponding author, Dr. Ulvik, please send an e-mail
to
[email protected]
Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened soda increases diabetes risk in Mexican women
Based on a cohort of Mexican women,
López-Ridaura and colleagues
estimated the association between sugar-sweetened soda consumption and diabetes risk. The study also determined if the association between sugar-sweetened soda and diabetes differs as a result of early life factors and potential genetic susceptibility. Data from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort, utilized for this study, capture a population of adult women already at high susceptibility for diabetes due to genetic or early life exposures to an obesogenic environment. A food frequency questionnaire assessed sugar-sweetened soda consumption among 72,667 women aged >25 y. Researchers hypothesized that greater consumption of sugar-sweetened soda would be associated with a greater incidence of type 2 diabetes, and that the association between sugar-sweetened soda consumption and diabetes would differ by markers of early lifestyle factors and potential genetic susceptibility.
For More Information:
To contact the corresponding author, Dr. López-Ridaura, send an e-mail
to
[email protected]
.
To contact the corresponding author for the commentary, Dr. Balcazar, e-mail
[email protected]
.
Read full summaries
here
.
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JN Editor's Choice Articles
Extrinsically labeled wheat using two zinc isotopes can be used to effectively determine zinc absorption
Estimating bioavailability of zinc has relied primarily on extrinsic labels used just prior to consumption. However, it is not clear if extrinsic isotopic labels are able to accurately determine zinc absorption and studies using intrinsically labeled foods are limited.
Signorell and colleagues report on a study using foods produced using biofortified wheat (root and foliage applications), fortified wheat or control wheat in which both
67Zn and
70Zn labels were used. The study was designed to determine if zinc absorption measures are impacted by the type of labelling approach used. They report the results of three studies exploring this question. They found no differences in zinc absorption whether the extrinsic or intrinsic labels were used. However, they did find that biofortification (root or foliar application) or fortification of wheat increases total zinc absorption, when compared with the control wheat foods. They concluded that by using a dual isotope labeling approach, it is possible to accurately quantify zinc absorption using extrinsically labelled wheat.
Reference: Signorell C, Zimmermann MB, Cakmak I, Wegmüller R, Zeder C, Hurrell R, Aciksoz SB, Boy E, Tay F, Frossard E, Moretti D.
Zinc absorption from agronomically biofortified wheat is similar to post-harvest fortified wheat and is a substantial source of bioavailable zinc in humans.
J Nutr 2019;149(5): 840-46.
For More Information: To contact the corresponding author, Diego Moretti, please send an email to
[email protected].
Preference for salt taste among children is not affected by repeated exposure to lower sodium foods
For some individuals, salt intake can influence blood pressure. On average, children consume more salt than the recommended levels making them susceptible to elevated blood pressure during their youth and in the future. Experiments have demonstrated the ability to alter salt preference among adults through repeated exposures to lower salt versions of foods. However, no work has been done to determine if it is possible to influence salt taste preferences among children using the same approach.
Bobowski and Mennella
report on the results of a study in which children were provided with either a normal salt cereal (200 mg sodium/cup) or one containing lower salt levels (64 mg sodium/cup). Acceptability of the cereals, as well as taste preferences were measured at baseline and again after 8 weeks of consuming the cereals four times each week. There were no differences in preferences or taste thresholds among the two groups at baseline or after the experimental period. The authors concluded that although the repeated exposure approach to reduce salt taste preferences was not successful in children, that it is possible to lower salt intake in children because they readily consumed the lower salt cereal.
For More Information: To contact the corresponding author, Nuala Bobowski, please send an email to
[email protected].
Correction of iron status prediction equations using inflammatory markers improves detection of iron deficiency
Work has been done previously to improve estimates of iron status through the use of a variety of biomarkers and approaches to correct detected serum iron and ferritin levels. However, those approaches do not take into consideration the potential for low levels of inflammation to influence the measures.
McSorley and colleagues
report on the results of a study that was designed to develop regression equations including a routinely measured marker of inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP) and albumin levels. They developed the equations in a cohort of patients in primary and secondary care settings and then tested the effectiveness in a cohort of colorectal cancer patients. They noted significant differences in the proportion of patients identified as iron deficient when the equations included the correction factors. The greatest concordance was obtained when the equation included both CRP and albumin. The authors concluded that even low levels of inflammation influences the determination of iron deficiency. They suggest further work in the area is needed in order to identify the best correction factors that can be routinely acquired in a clinical setting.
For More Information:
To contact the corresponding author, Stephen T. McSorley, please send an email to
[email protected]
.
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ASN is the authoritative voice on nutrition and publisher of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, The Journal of Nutrition, Advances in Nutrition, and Current Developments in Nutrition. Established in 1928, ASN's 6,500 members in 100 countries work in academia, practice, government and industry. ASN advances excellence in nutrition research and practice through its publications, education, public affairs and membership programs.
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