Understanding the 'Stomach Bug': What You Need to Know

You may have heard about a recent outbreak of a parasite called Cyclospora in parts of the United States. This germ spreads through contaminated fresh produce like salads and berries, and has caused illness in several states this summer. The good news is that there have been zero reported cases in Maine. Still, this is a great time to review what you should know about acute gastroenteritis — commonly known as the "stomach bug."

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common illnesses people experience. It is an infection of the stomach and intestines usually caused by viruses, bacteria, or occasionally parasites like Cyclospora. Symptoms typically include watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and sometimes a low-grade fever. Most cases are mild and resolve on their own within a few days, though symptoms can occasionally last a week or longer.

The most important part of managing a stomach bug is staying hydrated.

Frequent small sips of water, broth, or an oral rehydration solution (such as Pedialyte) are best — avoid sugary drinks like juice or soda, which can worsen diarrhea. When you feel ready to eat, try bland, easy-to-digest foods such as bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (the "BRAT" diet), then gradually return to your normal diet as tolerated. Most people do not need antibiotics or special medications. However, contact your doctor if you develop a high fever, bloody stools, signs of dehydration (dizziness, dark urine, dry mouth), or if symptoms last more than a few days.

To help prevent stomach bugs, wash your hands frequently, rinse fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly, and practice safe food handling.