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The naval forces of Islam, already supreme in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, looked to move into the Mediterranean by taking Malta, Sicily, then Rome. The great goal always being to turn St. Peter’s into a mosque as was done to Constantinople’s Hagia Sophia in 1453.
In spring 1565, 700 Knights of Malta fought off a much larger force attempting to take the island, but in 1570 Cyprus fell. It’s hard for us to fathom, but the victorious Ottomans massacred 20,000 people. The Mediterranean was under attack.
With tireless energy, Pope Saint Pius V formed the Holy League (Genoa, the Papal States, Spain, some smaller states, and Venice) minus England and France. In fact, Elizabeth I enlisted the aid of the Turks in her war against Spain, and France, open traders with the Ottomans, did not want to jeopardize that commerce.
Don John of Austria was “Captain Commander” of the fleet. While a great strategist, as a Catholic he knew soldiers and sailors of the Holy League should be different, and so he prepared them that the battle would be as much spiritual as physical. He insisted they be chaste before the battle and there be no blasphemy in the ranks.
The entire fleet fasted for 3 days. He unchained the criminals who rowed his galleys, promising them freedom if they stayed true in the fight.
Lastly, every man was given a Rosary.
Pius V asked everyone in Holy League territory to pray the rosary. The King of Spain gave Admiral Andrea Doria a replica of the tilma of Our Lady of Guadalupe (touched to the original) to be displayed aboard his ship.
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