Hello All-
I hope you’re enjoying summer, and managing to find some downtime to relax. Somehow it’s August already, but I’m choosing a ‘glass half full’ mindset!
While we’re all taking vacation at some point this summer, the Marathon team has been especially busy working ‘on’ the practice rather than purely ‘in’ it. We have been working with a consultant to enhance our systems and processes, to help us work more efficiently and remain on the cutting edge of our industry. One of the innovations we’ve rolled out is incorporating AI into most of our meetings, both internally and with you, our clients. Our new note-taking bot is named ‘Fred’ and he uses generative AI to bring ChatGPT to meetings (via a software tool called Fireflies). Now, within 5-10 minutes of a meeting concluding, an astonishingly well summarized & organized meeting transcript is sent to us, which will allow us to save time on notes and follow up on action items faster. While we feel the industry is still some distance from being able to use AI to reliably enhance the precision of our trading and investment platforms, we are of course assessing the innovations that are happening as we speak and may consider incorporating this down the line. We have talked about the outlook for AI (and the exposure you have to it within our models) a fair amount in the last few distributions, and will be discussing it again in our Q2 review/Q3 outlook video we will be shooting next week.
As you may have noticed, we are starting to distribute market commentary on a more frequent (weekly) basis and these installments are being led/written by John Bay, our chief market strategist & trader. John is of course a prodigious student of the market and spends a lot of his time each week reading and researching, and wanted to share his observations and commentary on a more frequent basis. I am all for it, as everything he writes is insightful, and it will leave me more room in the newsletter content I produce to write about financial planning strategies. With that said, I’m going to focus this content on key updates on financial planning topics & strategies.
But first I would like to introduce you to Connor Gallivan, who joined our team in early June. Connor is a seasoned Financial Advisor who started his career with Putnam Investments, where he consulted with advisors on portfolio construction, particularly in the fixed income markets. He later decided that he wanted to be more hands-on in working directly with clients as an advisor, and has served in that capacity for a number of years now with another firm in the Boston area, prior to joining us. Connor has a degree in Finance from Providence College. He was born and raised in Burlington, MA, and currently lives in South Boston. Connor comes from a long line of teachers and coaches and maintains this mindset/approach when working with clients. This resonated with me as I was interviewing for the role, because one of Marathon’s core values is that we are educators first. It is our mission to meet our clients where they are, at any literacy level, and build a curriculum as we go along, over the entire lifespan of the relationship, to systematically enhance their literacy on this subject matter and gain a sense of empowerment and control over their outcomes. I look forward to introducing you to Connor in the coming months.
I know I said John would be doing most of the market commentary in these weekly distributions we’re starting to put out, but before I get into pure planning-focused ‘stuff’, I did want to at least briefly talk about the market and investing from a behavioral perspective, as your Behavioral Investment Counselor, above all else. And take a moment to commend you for staying calm and remaining invested throughout a very rough 2022. As painful as it was to be an investor last year, let’s take a look back for a moment. I promise the PTSD will only be momentary, because I’m going to quickly zoom back out! On October 12, 2022, the S&P 500 hit its closing low for the year. As I write this, less than a year later, the S&P 500 is trading nearly a thousand points higher than this low point in October 2022, which is to say, it’s up about 27%. As Nick Murray said in one of his recent publications “…Thus, the age-old cycle of investing tragedy is nearing its latest completion.” The tragedy, of course, is panic liquidation of long-term holdings in quality companies just when their valuations are coming back down to earth, and before their prices inevitably begin cycling upward again. The current iteration of the tragedy is perhaps more poignant than most, in that the 2022 decline represented an inevitable correction following one of the greatest market runs in history.
As was noted roughly zero times by financial journalism these 20 past months, the 10-month, 25% contraction in the S&P 500 came after almost 13 years in which the Index went up seven times (from 677 to 4,800), and returned an average annual compound 17.6%. If that were not already ‘too hot not to cool down’ juiced by a two-year, 40% explosion in the M2 money supply—the fastest, steepest Fed interest rate spike ever was more than sufficient to do the trick. And so it did—remarkably, without driving the economy into recession (at least so far). Investors with any bit of adult memory, or perspective longer than the life cycle of the mayfly, were at least capable of processing these developments as part of a pattern—the continuous waxing and waning of equity prices around their wonderfully rising long-term trendline. Others—reliant for their investment policy on whatever doomsday scenario is said to be playing out in financial media on any given morning—fled, even after the earnest pleadings of a Behavioral Investment Counselor 😉Thankfully zero of our clients fit that latter description.
Of course, while the patient disciplined investor was riding out the unpleasantness, his/her sharply rising dividend income was being invested in increased numbers of panic-priced shares. Remember that while the Index was declining 18% or so during the last year, the S&P 500’s dividend shot up 11%. Thus, we who experience a market decline as opportunists don’t merely outperform those who experience it as victims. We prosper quite directly by buying the shares they shouldn’t be selling. Their lost returns become our future gains—and compounding gains at that. I’m just not sure I say that often enough, or strongly enough, to you as clients, as we go through market declines. “Every day you hang in there, your reinvested dividends are buying more shares at fire-sale prices from somebody who’s panicking out—who’s making the mistake you refuse to make.”
My advice will always be summed up as:
- Set goals: the more date-specific and dollar-specific the better, but in any event set goals
- Make a plan for the achievement of those goals. Write it down.
- Fund the plan with an overwhelmingly equity/stock portfolio, supported by enough cash/stable value assets to cover at least 2 years of living expenses, for retirees who are withdrawing.
- Diversify broadly; rebalance as necessary.
- Completely tune out the macroeconomy, and ignore market randomness in either direction. Don’t interrupt the compounding unnecessarily.
- Since the economy can’t be forecast, nor the market timed, it follows that the best time to buy equities is whenever you have the money to invest, and the best time to sell them is right when you need the money.
The advice is never to get out of the market, not just because it would inevitably turn—that too—but because neither I nor anyone else could time that turn.
OK, so it’s August and Q4/year-end will (sadly) be upon us before we know it, so below is a bulletin of sorts with planning opportunity reminders and updates:
Where to park cash
- In the Fed’s quest to stamp out inflation, interest rates remain elevated. This means that, at least temporarily, yields are going to be higher on savings & money market accounts, and bonds.
- So, this is good news for retirees who need to generate a reliable income stream from investments, and also welcome news for any cash position we must hold for near-term safety net or a larger expense happening soon.
- We’re basically in a bit of a ‘sweet spot’ right now where interest rates are expected to remain elevated for a while, but inflation continues to fall. Right now, for example, you can get ~5% yield from a competitive high yield savings account, and inflation is currently ~3% (so, for the first time in a very long time, while it may be fleeting, there is actually a real (net of inflation) rate of return on cash if it’s in the right spot.
- While these higher yields do make bond and even cash investments more attractive, we do not recommend parking any of your assets here for which the time horizon for being invested is long-term (5-10+ years). Why? I would say I Bonds are a great example of why/why not. A year ago, for I bonds issued from May 2022 through the end of October 2022, the yield on an I-Bond hit a remarkable 9.62% peak, as inflation soared. However, now that the inflation rate has come back to earth, the current I bond yield through October 2023 is 4.3%, at which point it is expected to decline further, as the inflation rate has fallen considerably since the I Bond rate was reset in May 2023 (every 6 months it is reset based on inflation rate at that moment). It is likely to be somewhere in the 3’s come October, which is no longer an attractive yield, as FDIC insured savings accounts, as previously mentioned, are starting to hit 5%.
- However, since the stock market was trading at a meaningful discount last summer and early fall (when people were otherwise flocking to I Bonds), anyone who chose to park cash in the latter would have missed out on much more considerable upside potential of owning discounted shares of quality businesses that were merely victims of temporary economic uncertainty. Historically, stocks have been the only reliably hedge against inflation. Most of the time, if you own anything else (i.e. bonds) it should be because of a carefully quantified short-term need for liquidity/stability of principal.
- In short, here’s my take on who is most competitive when it comes to cash savings right now:
- The top online high yield savings accounts of a few years ago (Barclays, Marcus/Goldman Sachs, Ally, et al) are no longer the top players. If you’re looking for highest yield for FDIC insured savings, you’ll need to go to an online bank, and these seem to be the most competitive as of right now (4.5-5%): Laurel Road (they do a lot in the student loan space), CIT Bank (I financed my braces with them many, many years ago now), Citizens Access (affiliated with Citizens Bank, but separate), and StoneCastle (if interested ask us to send you a link as this is only available through advisors).
- If you want a bit more yield, you could consider something like a Treasury Money Market Fund (investing in Treasuries)—one option being Vanguard Treasury Money Market Fund (~5.2% yield). While these aren’t FDIC insured, they’re still low risk given the nature of the underlying investments.
- And I can’t conclude any section about holding cash without sharing an article like this 😉 What Role Should Cash Play in Your Portfolio?
Tax planning
- Examine your W-4/YTD tax withholdings
- Most people fill out their W-4 form and forget about it soon after they’ve started a new job. But now is the ideal time of year to re-examine your withholdings. Your employer uses your W-4 to calculate how much federal tax should be taken out of your paycheck based on your income (and, potentially, whether you intend to take the standard deduction or itemize). But your income and tax situation may have changed, and you could be withholding either too little, which could increase your tax bill, or too much, which could deprive you of cash throughout the year.
- There are a few specific reasons why you might need to update your W-4:
-
You've taken on additional work. If you're working more than one job, or have income from freelance or contract work, you may have more than one W-4 or receive a form 1099-NEC. If the former, you may need to do some strategizing, as filling out a second W-4 the same way you filled out your first could result in the wrong amount of tax being withheld. If the latter, taxes may not be automatically withheld, and you may be responsible for making quarterly estimated tax payments. One solution may be to increase withholding for one W-4 job to cover the tax liability generated from the income earned at the other job.
-
You're planning to itemize this year. If you expect to itemize rather than take the standard deduction this year, then you can update your W-4 to reflect the deductions you plan to take. This could also reduce your total tax withholding for the remainder of the year.
- Consider also how your taxes went for the 2022 tax year. Did you owe a large sum or receive a very large refund in the recent tax season? If so, consider checking in with us as well as your tax professional on whether you should consider making any adjustments to your W4 for this year (and/or consider making additional quarterly estimated tax payments). If you reach out to us on this front, please send along a recent paystub and details on any other income sources we should be aware of for this year, to get us started.
- Tax loss harvesting
- For taxable investment accounts we manage for clients, we are constantly looking for opportunities to ‘harvest’ temporary losses on stocks to help offset future taxable gains (while taxes are inevitable, if we can find ways to defer paying them (and thereby avoid tapping into the balance to pay taxes earlier on), we hope to be able to enhance the long-term compounding/growth of the assets.
- There were obviously a lot of opportunities to book short-term losses in 2022, and we worked exhaustively to take advantage of them. However, because most of our client portfolios are invested in a large number of diversified individual stocks (i.e. our clients directly own the shares of the companies they invest in, rather than shares of funds), there are actually still plenty of opportunities to continue to do tax loss harvesting, even in a year like 2023 when the market is broadly ‘up’. In any environment, there will always be at least a handful of companies that may be having a bad day, week, month, year, and we have been swiftly acting on these opportunities every single month this year.
- More on tax loss harvesting here- How to cut investment taxes
- Roth conversions
- We recommend these be considered if you have any room left in the 24% tax bracket. Potentially upwards of 32% bracket depending on your situation/income needs and expected future tax bracket (or tax bracket of your heirs), especially in light of the IRS’ elimination of the inherited IRA ‘stretch’ provision starting with the 2020 tax year.
- Example of good opportunity seen recently, for several clients: Retired clients who, for one reason or another, have a large amount of cash on hand, which they can theoretically live off of, thereby avoiding the need to take larger distributions from (income taxable) IRAs. In many cases, these folks have a strategic window of opportunity, due to the fact that they temporarily have little to no taxable income, to deliberately pull funds out of their IRA (even though technically not needed at the moment), pay (lower) taxes on that distribution, and move the funds to a Roth, where they will grow tax-free (and can be inherited tax free). These clients may also have an opportunity to pay little to no capital gains taxes as well (see below).
- Is a 0% capital gains tax rate possible?
- Currently, the 0% long-term capital gains tax rate is available to taxpayers with taxable income up to the upper thresholds of the 12% ordinary income-tax bracket, which is currently $44,625 for single filers and $89,250 for married filers filing jointly. Which means, for example, a couple with $50,000 of other taxable income could realize up to $39,250 in long-term capital gains without having to pay any (federal income) tax on those capital gain proceeds.
- This not only allows for the opportunity to sell appreciated investments ‘tax free’ for retirement withdrawal purposes, but if not needed for spending the investor could also just buy back the investments that were sold and get a ‘free’ step up in cost basis (a tactic known as capital gains harvesting.
- Here’s a recent article on Which investments to keep out of your taxable account. This helps explain (just one of the many reasons) why you won’t find many mutual funds in the portfolios we manage, among other things.
- More tax planning opportunities below, woven into the various subjects (college planning, retirement planning, etc.)
College planning
- College financial aid landscape is changing this year (redesigned FAFSA & new planning opportunities for grandparents)
- To help alleviate some of the confusion related to the FAFSA form, Congress in late 2020 approved changes to the FAFSA, as well as the formulas used to determine financial need, which are set to take effect for FAFSA filers in the next few months.
- One of the major changes will be the FAFSA form itself, which is expected to be simplified, with the number of questions being reduced from 108 to 46, according to a draft version of the new form. Notably, the introduction of the new form will delay the availability of the FAFSA for the 2024-2025 school year until December (it is usually released October 1). You will notice that there is a renaming of the Expect Family Contribution (EFC, or how much the federal aid formula determines a household can pay for college) to the Student Aid Index (SAI).
- Several of the changes to the revamped FAFSA could increase students’ eligibility for aid, depending on their circumstances. For instance, while distributions from grandparent-owned 529 plans were previously reported as untaxed income for the student (reducing their aid eligibility by as much as 50% of the amount of cash support), they will now no longer impact a student’s eligibility for aid. This could potentially be a huge opportunity for all you grandparents (and those soon-to-be) who are interested in helping with college costs, and means that it may now actually be strategic to park more college savings dollars under grandparents (versus parents).
- Other changes could negatively impact need-based aid eligibility for certain students. These include: the elimination of the discount for families with multiple children in college at the same time; a requirement to include all small business and family farm assets on the FAFSA (eliminating an exclusion for those that do not employee more than 100 full-time workers); and a requirement that for children of divorced parents, the parent who spent the most money on the child in the previous 12-month period (rather than the parent with whom the student lived with for the majority of the previous year) will be the one to fill out the FAFSA (which will be detrimental to aid eligibility if that parent earns more than the parent with whom the child spent the majority of time).
- 529 Rule changes/enhancements/contribution limits
- Starting in 2024, you may roll up to $35k (lifetime limit per beneficiary) from a 529 plan to a Roth IRA for your child. Fine print:
- Account must have been opened for at least 15 years
- Cannot transfer contributions/earnings from the past 5 years
- Annual transfer is subject to the same Roth IRA contribution limits and earned income requirement
- Note: There is a grey area regarding whether a change in beneficiary ‘resets’ the 15-year clock; this is pending further guidance.
- Can gift up to $17,000/year/child (per person contributing the funds), and you can ‘superfund’ with up to $85,000 in a single year (but then you can’t give more money to the same recipient within a 5-year period).
Retirement planning
- Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)
- For those born in 1951-1959, the RMD age is now 73 years old
- For those born in 1960 or later, the RMD age is increased to 75 (i.e. for those born in 1960, their first RMD would be in 2033)
- Anyone turning 72 in 2023 will not have an RMD in 2023
- If you inherited an IRA in 2020 or later, as a reminder, you have 10 years from the date of death to fully draw down (and pay taxes on) this account. However, the IRS has again issued guidance that, at least for 2023, an RMD will NOT be required on these accounts.
- Retirement plan ‘catch up’ provision for those age 50+
- Big news: Starting in 2024, for wage earners making $145,000 or more, all qualified retirement plan catch-up contributions must be Roth (after-tax, not tax-deferred)
- Quick refresher on 2023 contribution limits: NOW is the time to check your YTD withholdings for these accounts & make sure you’re on track to hit funding target!
- 401k/403b- employee elective deferral limit= $22,500 (this is the limit in terms of how much you, personally as an employee can put in)
- In addition, those employees age 50+ can make a catch-up contribution of $7,500
- Beyond what you contribute, your employer can ‘top off’ up to a total of $66,000 for 2023 (employee + employer contributions combined total)
- 457b- employee elective deferral limit= $22,500
- IRA/Roth IRA- $6,500 + additional $1,000 if age 50+. Reminders:
- Can’t fund a pre-tax/tax-deferred IRA if also funding an employer-based retirement account)
- Can’t fund a Roth IRA if income (AGI) exceeds $153,000 if single, $228,000 if married.
- SEP IRA- $66,000
- Back-door Roth IRAs (For consideration if you’re no longer income eligible to directly fund a Roth IRA)
- We generally recommend these, especially if you’re maxing out your core retirement savings ‘bucket’ (often employer-sponsored plan like 403b or 401k), but this strategy only works if you don’t have any other types of PRE-TAX/TAX-DEFERRED IRAs in place (ex. Can’t have Traditional IRA, SEP IRA, SIMPLE IRA)
- If you have a small balance in a Traditional IRA, and that’s the only thing ‘holding you back’ from being able to do the ‘Back-Door’ Roth strategy, it could make sense to convert this small balance to Roth (by paying taxes on the amount being converted).
- These work by putting after-tax dollars into a Traditional IRA (which wouldn’t normally make a whole lot of sense), and then moving those funds to a Roth account shortly thereafter.
HSAs
- If you are in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP), you likely qualify for a Health Savings Account (HSA). If eligible for an HSA, we almost always highly recommend maxing these out if your resources allow. There are so many awesome benefits to these plans, listed here.
- 2023 contribution limits Here is another opportunity to check YTD withholdings for this item to ensure you’re on track to hit funding target
- Self-only, $3,850
- Family, $7,750
- Catch-up (age 55+, not 50+), $1,000 (in addition to above)
If you’re charitably inclined
- Charitable giving
- If you have appreciated shares of stock that are not in qualified retirement account (i.e. IRA), you can donate the shares directly to a charity and bypass payment of capital gains taxes. You can then take an income tax deduction (up to 50% of adjusted gross income, AGI) equal to the full, appreciated market value of shares at the time they were donated. For example, if you bought a share of XYZ company for $50 several years ago and now that share is worth $100, you can skip paying taxes on the (otherwise taxable) gain of $50, and capture an income tax deduction of $100.
- If you’re not ready to donate directly to charity in any given tax year, you can instead put the assets in a Donor Advised Fund (DAF), and still capture the full deduction for a single year. You can then reinvest inside the DAF, where the funds will continue to grow tax-free until you’re ready to donate.
- If you’re age 70.5+, you are able to contribute up to $100k annually to a charity directly from your IRA, and give away funds without paying income taxes on those distributions. This amount will also offset your Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) amount. These are called Qualified Charitable Distributions, or QCDs.
If you own a business entity
- If you live in a state with high state and local taxes, adopting an S-Corp structure could now be even more advantageous.
- Due to the SALT (state and local tax) cap on deductions of $10k, imposed in 2017, wealthy taxpayers in states with high (state-level) income & property taxes lost a considerable tax deduction, and in some cases, they lost the ability to itemize on their returns entirely.
- In response, many of these states have introduced a PTET (Pass Through Entity Tax) election for owners of S-Corp’s with business income. In short, due to the pass-through nature of these entities, a number of states will now allow an individual business owner (who resides in the same state where the entity files state tax returns) to elect to pay income taxes at the entity level and therefore avoid the $10,000 federal limitation.
Student loans/Public Service Loan Forgiveness
- I’m starting to run out of room here, so I will come back to this topic in future newsletters, but in short, if you believe you may be eligible for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program, which forgives debt after 10 years of payments working for a qualifying employer (or series of employers), and are looking for guidance and peace of mind when it comes to managing certification and program compliance, this Gradfin program has become quite popular with our clients.
- These types of programs will help you get credit for all eligible payments, provide clear action items to manage program compliance, and assist with resolving any issues with federal loan servicers. They do an annual audit to ensure you stay on track and ideally get debt forgiven as quickly as possible. Keep in mind that this could be sooner than you think, especially if you were already in repayment prior to the pandemic payment moratorium period (this period will count toward those 10 years, even though you weren’t making payments).
Miscellaneous articles to share
There was a bunch more I wanted to write here about Social Security & Medicare, but to do those two justice, I’m going to save for the next installment.
Hopefully you found this useful. As always, please don’t hesitate to reach out with questions. It is a privilege, and great pleasure to serve you—thank you for your trust and confidence.
Charlie
|
|
Charles G. Brown
Financial Advisor, Principal
|
|
REQUIRED DISCLOSURE:
Investment advisory services provided by NewEdge Advisors, LLC doing business as Marathon Financial Group, as a registered investment adviser. Securities offered through NewEdge Securities, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. NewEdge Advisors, LLC and NewEdge Securities, Inc. are wholly owned subsidiaries of NewEdge Capital Group, LLC.
The information contained in this email message is being transmitted to and is intended for the use of only the individual(s) to whom it is addressed. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, you are hereby advised that any dissemination, distribution or copying to this message is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please immediately delete.
|
Marathon Financial Group | 857-201-34320 | 131 Dartmouth St 3rd Floor Boston, MA 02116 | meetmarathon.com
|
|
|
|
|
|
|