Dear Friends,
In 2009, we identified six distinct climate opinion audiences within the American public – the Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, Disengaged, Doubtful, and Dismissive – Global Warming’s Six Americas. The Alarmed are the most engaged with global warming: they are convinced it is happening and human-caused, are very worried about it, and strongly support climate action. The Concerned are also convinced global warming is happening and human-caused, but they worry about it less and are less motivated to take action. The Cautious are uncertain about whether or not global warming is happening and human-caused, and are not very worried about it, so they are less motivated to act. The Disengaged are largely unaware of global warming. The Doubtful question whether global warming is happening or human-caused, and perceive it as a low risk, so they are among the least motivated to act. The Dismissive reject the idea that global warming is happening and human-caused, do not view it as a threat, and tend to strongly oppose climate policies.
Most recently, about 1 in 4 (26%) Americans are Alarmed. They outnumber the Dismissive (11%) by more than 2 to 1. Since our last Six Americas report, the Alarmed segment has decreased by 7 percentage points (from 33% in September 2021), however, the majority of Americans (53%) are still either Alarmed or Concerned, while fewer than half that number (22%) are either Doubtful or Dismissive.
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The Six Americas Over the Last Decade
Since 2012, the Alarmed segment has more than doubled in size, growing from 12% of the U.S. population in 2012 to 26% in 2022 (+14 percentage points). The Alarmed segment is now similar in size to the Concerned (27%). Conversely, the Cautious segment has decreased in size from 29% in 2012 to 17% in 2022 (-12 percentage points). The Concerned, Disengaged, Doubtful, and Dismissive segments have remained relatively similar in size over the last decade.
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Communication Challenges and Opportunities
The increase in the number of Alarmed Americans tracks closely with the increase in the percentage of Americans who understand that global warming is a present-day problem that is already harming communities across the nation. In other words, Americans are increasingly coming to understand that climate change impacts are happening here and now.
It remains important to continue to communicate with the public about the many harms that climate change is already causing in American communities (e.g., health and economic impacts, damage to infrastructure from extreme weather). Our research has shown that many Americans trust NASA, climate scientists, TV weathercasters, their doctors, and a range of other experts for information on global warming. Additionally, most registered voters think schools should teach children about the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to global warming. Educators have key roles to play in helping Americans better understand the threats of and solutions to climate change.
As always, thanks for your interest and support of our work!
On behalf of the research team: Anthony Leiserowitz, Ed Maibach, Seth Rosenthal, John Kotcher, Jennifer Carman, Marija Verner, Sanguk Lee, Matthew Ballew, Teresa Myers, Matthew Goldberg, and Jennifer Marlon.
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Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University
Fairfax, Virginia 22032
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