The Hierarchy of Controls is a system used to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. In electrical work, where hazards such as electrocution, arc flash and burns are common, utilizing the pyramid is essential to ensure worker safety. The hierarchy ranks control methods from most effective to least effective. It is always important to remember that PPE should ALWAYS be a last resort. According to OSHA, NFPA 70 (E)(B) and the NEC, here are some definitions and guidelines to follow the Hierarchy of Controls.

What are the Steps?

1. Elimination (Most Effective)

-Physically removing the hazard.

• De-energizing equipment before performing maintenance.
• Using alternative energy sources or relocating electrical systems to safer areas

2. Substitution

-Replacing the hazard with a safer alternative.

• Using low-voltage equipment instead of high-voltage equipment.
• Substituting corded tools with battery-powered alternatives to reduce trip and shock hazards.
• Employing intrinsically safe equipment in explosive environments.

3. Engineering Controls

-Isolating people from the hazard using physical barriers or design changes.

• Installing Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs).
• Lockout/tagout (LOTO) systems with keyed or electronic isolation devices.
• Arc-resistant switchgear and remote racking systems.

4. Administrative Controls

-Changing the way people work through rules, training, and procedures.

• Developing and enforcing safe work procedures.
• Scheduling work when electrical systems can be safely de-energized.
• Conducting job safety analyses and pre-task planning.
• Awareness-Warning labels, signs, etc

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Least Effective)

-Protecting the worker with gear that reduces exposure.

• Arc-rated clothing, face shields, balaclavas, and rubber insulating gloves.
• Safety glasses and hearing protection.
• Voltage-rated tools and insulated mats.

*Mitigation

-even though this isnt an official step, it's always good practice to have an emergency plan in place, just in case something doesn't go as planned

The Hierarchy of Controls provides a structured method to help reduce risks in our industry. Elimination, substitution and engineering controls should always be prioritized, with administrative controls and PPE serving as supporting measures.

Always aim to de-energize before working and use PPE as the last line of defense.

Resources

OSHA-Heirarchy of Controls Document

Vector Solutions-Pyramid

There are several toolbox talks on this topic in the Safety Meeting app and eSafetyline website that are included in your NYECA membership.

We encourage anyone interested in participating in the NYECA Safety Committee to reach out to evangelista@nyeca.org.

If you have any questions, you may reach out to the Association Office.

Thank You