A bunion is a "bump" on the joint at the base of the big toe that forms when the bone or tissue at the big toe joint moves out of place. The toe is forced to bend toward the others, causing an often painful lump of bone on the foot. Because this joint carries a lot of the body's weight while walking, bunions can cause 
extreme pain if left untreated. The joint itself may become stiff and sore, making even the wearing of shoes difficult. A bunion can also occur on the outside of the foot along the little toe, where it is called a "bunionette" or "tailor's bunion".
Although bunions tend to run in families, it is the foot type that is passed down-not the bunion. Parents who suffer from poor foot mechanics can pass their problematic foot type on to their children, who in turn are prone to developing bunions. The abnormal functioning caused by this faulty foot development can lead to pressure being exerted on and within the foot, often resulting in bone and joint deformities such as bunions and hammertoes.
Other causes of bunions are foot injuries, neuromuscular disorders, or congenital deformities. People who suffer from flat feet or low arches are also prone to developing these problems, as are arthritic patients and those with inflammatory joint disease. Occupations that place undue stress on the feet are also a factor; ballet dancers, for instance, often develop the condition.
Wearing shoes that are too tight or cause the toes to be squeezed together is also a common factor, one that explains the high prevalence of the disorder among women.
The symptoms of a bunion include the following:
- Development of a firm bump on the outside edge of the foot, at the base of the big toe
- Redness, swelling, or pain at or near the big toe joint
- Corns or other irritations caused by the overlap of the first and second toes
- Restricted or painful motion of the big toe
If pain persists even after trying wider shoes, visiting Dr. Cohen for a consultation may be beneficial to understand your options. Bunions tend to get larger and more painful if left untreated, making non-surgical treatment less of an option.
Information adapted from apma.org
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