THE TTALK QUOTES 

On Global Trade & Investment
Published By:
The Global Business Dialogue, Inc.
Washington, DC   Tel: 202-463-5074
Email: Comments@gbdinc.org
 
No. 16 of 2019
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 2019

Click HERE for Tuesday's Alan Wolff comments on  
GATT Members and WTO Accessions.   
 A NEGOTIATOR'S EDUCATION    

"It all started with a basic course in what the international trade rules were about ... ."  

Alan Wm. Wolff 
February 11, 2019 
CONTEXT
Alan Wolff is one of four Deputy Directors-General at the World Trade Organization in Geneva, and accessions - that is, responsibility for new and prospective members - is part of his portfolio.  In our last entry, we talked about two speeches Ambassador Wolff gave not long ago.  One was to a group of negotiators from countries seeking to join the WTO and the other was at a conference in Kazakhstan back in September.  The February 11 presentation to 29 negotiators was also the source of today's featured quote.  On Tuesday, we noted that it was a speech that included a reminiscence about Ambassador Wolff's own career, and we promised to share that "tomorrow."  Alas that was a poetic use of the word "tomorrow."  We should have said, "in our next entry."  With apologies for the delay, here is that reminiscence.

ALAN WOLFF
When I was a very young lawyer, I was given the responsibility for the trade law portfolio at the U.S. Treasury, the U.S. equivalent of a finance ministry. It was my second year in the U.S. government. My law school did not have a course on the international trade rules. I knew very little about the rules of the trading system. As a college student, I had only the basic economics course. It was not enough. I wanted to understand the theoretical basis for why trade took place, and I did not know anything about how other countries expected the U.S. to act. So, I enrolled in night school at George Washington University. I was fortunate that the professors were excellent. In the GATT course, one of them was General Counsel of the World Bank (Lester Nurick) and the other was a very distinguished senior international trade lawyer (Walter Sterling Surrey).

During the next year when I got into more challenging problems, I hired the world's best-known GATT expert, Professor John Jackson, as a consultant. He was one of the key individuals who envisaged having a WTO. I became the Office Director at the Treasury for the then current round of multilateral trade negotiations (the Tokyo Round). Three years later John Jackson invited me to be his Deputy General Counsel at the Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations in the Executive Office of the U.S. President. With the Congress, we drafted the basic trade legislation that allowed the US to participate in trade negotiations as a delegation from the U.S. Congress. I got to be lead negotiator on several issues, one was specialty steel. I became Jackson's successor as General Counsel. And when a new President came into office, I moved up to be a senior negotiator for the US government as Deputy Trade Representative.

But it all started with a basic course in what the international trading rules were all about ... .
COMMENT
Trade and trade policy are human activities.  Yes, they are about tariffs, quotas, GDP, PPP, subsidies, and standards.  Most importantly, they are about how those numbers and policies affect the lives of the people who live in the trading nations of the world, which is just about everyone.  But they are also about the people who make their lives within the narrower world that shapes trade's rules, policies, and statistics.  All of that is to say that we are glad Ambassador Wolff decided to share some of his personal history with the young negotiators he talked to on February 11.  We are also glad that he mentioned the names of some of those from whom he learned.  

The name of Professor John Jackson (1932-2015) is one we have known for a long time.  How could we not?  His landmark book "World Trade and the Law of the GATT" was on every bookshelf.  And indeed, during his Georgetown years, he spoke at a  Global Business Dialogue event.  But the other names were new to us.

Lester Nurick, for example (1914-2014) clearly lived a rich life.  As General Counsel at the World Bank, he was involved in numerous big projects.  One that resonates especially today was his work on China's accession to the World Bank.  China joined the Bank in 1980.

An earlier episode in Lester Nurick's life should make you smile.  He was drafted in 1943.  He was already married, and, as he explained, his wife was the technical whiz in the family.  He didn't even drive a car.  But he ended up in the Tank Corps ... as an instructor.  As he put it, "I must have been the only man in the whole army who drove a tank but couldn't drive an automobile."

Walter Sterling Surrey (1915-1989) is also someone who spent a lifetime operating at a high level. For much of the Second World War, he was an attaché at the American Legation in Stockholm dealing with issues of economic warfare. After the war, as an attorney at the State Department, he worked on the legislation for the Marshall Plan and for NATO.  Then came a rather remarkable career in private practice.

***

We'll end this with the thought that led us to highlight these more personal elements of Alan Wolff's address to the WTO Seminar on Accession Rules. It is this:  teaching is as fundamental to life as learning is.  Whether as parent, professor, or friend, in one role or another, you're a teacher.  And whatever other accolades you earn, that's how you will be remembered. 
SOURCES & LINKS
A Seminar for Negotiators takes you to the text of Alan Wolff's remarks to those attending the first Seminar on WTO Accession Rules.  This was the source for today's featured quote.  
 
In Memoriam - Lester Nurick in an obituary for this World Bank attorney from a World Bank publication.  
 
Oral History takes you to transcripts of conversations with Lester Nurick, taken from the World Bank's oral history project.  
 
In Memoriam - Walter Sterling Surrey is a biographical note on Walter Sterling Surrey from praybook.com.

 

TO GET THE TTALK QUOTES IN YOUR INBOX

Or Other GBD Notices, click below.
©2019 The Global Business Dialogue, Inc.
1717 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Suite 1025
Washington, DC   20006
Tel: (202) 463-5074
R. K. Morris, Editor
Joanne Thornton, Associate Editor