Mar/Apr 2023 | VOL XXIV, ISSUE 2

In This Edition...

Anyone who grew up watching the Jetsons (yes, we're dating ourselves) saw with wide-eyed disbelief the early expectations for what today are known as Building Automation Systems (BAS). George, Joan, and the kids lived in a semi-autonomous world where virtually everything could be controlled by voice, remote, or central computer.


Fast forward (or back...we're not sure) to today, and our once skeptical perception of this kind of technology has become engrained in most of our daily lives. We ask Siri questions, tell Alexa to turn on the lights, and interact with everything from our garage doors to our thermostats from an app on our phones.


Building Automation Systems (BAS) have also become increasingly interwoven in commercial construction as building owners and managers seek out better ways to operate and monitor their assets.


In this edition of Plains Talk, we provide an overview of how BAS can benefit both new construction projects and remodels. But beyond the norm, we also give examples of how our team incorporates BAS in creative ways to enhance the built environment.


Building Management Made Better

The Benefits of BAS

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for building automation systems (BAS), which are computer-based systems that help control and monitor a building's mechanical and electrical systems. With BAS, building management has become easier and more efficient, resulting in reduced operating costs, improved occupant comfort, more closely controlled building environments, and better energy efficiency.


BAS technology has been around for decades, but it has evolved significantly in recent years, thanks to advancements in sensors, communication protocols, and cloud computing. Today's BAS can integrate various systems, such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, security, and fire alarms, into a single platform, making it easier for building managers to monitor and control them to an extremely high level.


Efficiency

One of the main benefits of BAS is improved energy efficiency. By monitoring and controlling a building's systems, BAS can optimize its performance to minimize energy consumption while maintaining occupant comfort. For example, a BAS can adjust HVAC settings based on occupancy patterns, outside weather conditions, and other variables to ensure that energy is used efficiently.


Cost Savings

BAS can also help reduce operating costs by automating routine tasks and enabling predictive maintenance. For instance, a BAS can automatically schedule HVAC maintenance based on usage patterns and equipment performance data, reducing the need for manual inspections and repairs (i.e., man-hours). This can result in lower maintenance costs and fewer equipment failures, which can further improve energy efficiency and occupant comfort.


Environmental Control

Moreover, BAS can improve occupant comfort by providing better control over indoor environmental conditions. With a BAS, building managers can adjust the temperature, lighting, and other parameters based on individual preferences or occupancy patterns, ensuring that occupants are comfortable throughout the day. In some building types, an even high level of control is available to maintain a specific environment, such as rigid humidity and ventilation levels in healthcare and laboratory spaces.


Security

While many our clients tend to think of their BAS only for HVAC systems, the BAS can also enhance building security by integrating with access control systems, CCTV cameras, and alarm systems. By monitoring and controlling these systems, building managers can ensure that the building is secure and respond quickly to any security breaches.



While highly useful, implementing a BAS can be a complex process that requires expertise in several areas, including building systems, IT, and data analytics. The design team and building managers need to work with experienced BAS providers who can help support the system design and installation, as well as offer training and maintenance on the system. The team must also ensure the BAS is compatible with their existing systems and can integrate with future upgrades.


Building automation systems offer a range of benefits to building managers and owners, including improved energy efficiency, reduced operating costs, enhanced occupant comfort, detailed environmental control, and better security. As technology continues to evolve, it is becoming more accessible and easier to implement. Owners who invest in BAS can reap significant benefits in terms of building management, energy efficiency, and occupant satisfaction.


Article collaboratively authored by WPE mechanical and electrical engineering staff.


Intelligent Automation

Thinking Outside the BAS Box

Building Automation Systems (BAS) have revolutionized the way we control and monitor building systems. The temperature control system is an essential part of any BAS, and it is responsible for ensuring that the building's environment is comfortable for the occupants, while also being efficient.


BAS design and automation is anything but standard and in some cases can become particularly complex and creative. For instance, building-level systems can serve as an expansion of an existing Energy Management Control System (EMCS). The DDC controls throughout the system then allow for interlocking, monitoring, and temperature control of the ventilation equipment, heating, and cooling systems. The BAS is connected back to the existing EMCS through the building’s network, allowing it to be monitored remotely.


In addition to the control of the HVAC systems, the temperature control system might include carbon monoxide/nitrogen detection in general-purpose spaces and unheated enclosed vehicle storage shops to detect the operation of vehicles. Make-up air is then interlocked for heating and ventilation control in conjunction with the detection system. Carbon dioxide detection can also be provided within conditioned spaces to measure and monitor ambient conditions and control the ventilation rate to match the fluctuating occupancy of large gathering spaces and offices.


In enclosed offices and other areas with set occupancies, lighting sensors can be used for multiple purposes such as turning on the lighting, adjusting temperature setpoints to occupied, and enabling the code required outside air for the space. Conversely, when the sensors do not detect any occupants, the BAS can reduce the ventilation rate and adjust temperature to unoccupied set points to save energy.


BAS systems can also be provided with an interface and control of exterior lighting fixtures by way of an astronomical clock. This allows for the efficient and effective use of exterior lighting, minimizing energy consumption and reducing costs.


Another valuable feature of a more creative BAS system is the monitoring and recording of essential data from equipment such as generators and automatic transfer switches. The BAS can record voltages, current, power usage, and other parameters on each branch of an emergency electrical distribution system, providing the owner with valuable data regarding its use and operation. This data can be used to help evaluate maintenance needs. It also helps to understand what the actual loads are on each branch of the emergency system so that, if new loads need to be added to the system due to new program needs, the design team can verify capacities to ensure the emergency system is not compromised.

Dave Riemenschneider is a Mechanical Designer in our Rapid City office with more than 30 years of experience.


Email Dave

Mike Sigman, P.E. is an Electrical Engineer and Office Manager of WPE's Rapid City location. He has been with the firm since 1998.


Email Mike


Control & Monitoring Standards

USP Requirements for Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals

The USP standard for Pharmacies was first enacted in 2008. Since then, there have been several updates to the standard requiring Pharmacy owners to implement numerous changes not only to their operation, but also to the physical construction of the pharmacies. Since the implementation of the USP standards, West Plains Engineering has been involved in numerous pharmacy upgrades. Part of these requirements include:


  • Pressure Control and Monitoring
  • Humidity Control and Monitoring
  • Temperature Control and Monitoring


The Building Automation System plays an integral role in maintaining and logging these parameters which can vary depending on the function of the space. 


For spaces like hazardous storage and hazardous sterile compounding, the spaces need to be kept within a specific temperature and humidity range while also maintaining a negative pressure to keep the hazardous components from leaving the space. To accomplish this, the BAS modulates the appropriate dampers for these spaces to maintain the negative pressure while also recording a log of the data for use in certification. Regarding the non-hazard sterile storage spaces, the system operates similarly but to maintain a positive pressure environment and logs for certification.


The status of each space can be viewed via a locally accessible control panel that alarms issues with the system.  


Michael Heinrich is a Mechanical Engineer and leads the mechanical department in Rapid City. He's been with WPE for 22 years, and is a designated Building Energy Assessment Professional (BEAP) and Building Energy Management Professional (BEMP). He is the Project Manager and Lead Mechanical Engineer for the IHS Pharmacy projects.


Email Michael

West Plains Engineering News

WPE Projects in the News

Check out some of our recently completed and ongoing projects featured in the news this past month, including a couple of very cool videos!

Block 5 Mixed-Use Development

Rapid City, SD

The Lodge at Deadwood Executive Addition

Deadwood, SD

Security First Bank

& Trust

Rapid City, SD

Flandreau Fire Station

Flandreau, SD

SDSU Frost Arena

Brookings, SD

One Stop

Sioux Falls, SD

UPDATE: Mentele Creates Senior Design Project for WWII B17

Chris and museum liason Jeff Hoopes with the City of Savannah B17 bomber.

WPE electrical intern Chris Mentele returned from a successful trip to Georgia in March, where he and the team from SD Mines were able to install and test their design for automating the turrets for the “City of Savannah” B17 bomber. By all accounts, performance exceeded expectation and the completed system is slated for delivery to the museum in May for final installation.


As you may recall from our February edition, Chris was part of a design team that partnered with mechanical engineers from Georgia Southern University to automate three 50-caliber rotating turrets aboard the "City of Savannah", a World War II era B17 Bomber.


The plane is currently exhibited in the Museum of the the Mighty Eighth Air Force in Georgia, where tour guides regularly give demonstrations of its historical features. This project's goal was to provide a remote control capability of the turrets to aid those guides in demonstrations.


The electrical team upgraded the entire system to modern components for system safety and simplicity. The new design features safer 24V motors, contemporary PWM driver, and a digital Arduino microcontroller. The mechanical team provided the adapters and mounts to integrate the new system with the old, and also provided a mock-turret testbed to aid in design, programming and testing since the team did not have access to the actual B17.


Mentele will begin work with WPE full time this Spring.

Please join us in welcoming Kyle Weier to the WPE team!


Kyle is an Electrical Designer with our Electrical Specialties Division, which focuses on improving electrical safety and efficiency through in-depth studies, remediation plans, and distribution system design.


Welcome Kyle! We're thrilled to have you!

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