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Overview
Three recent studies on homelessness in
the United States examine the cost of first-time homelessness, life
after transitional housing for homeless families, and strategies
for improving access to mainstream benefits and services. The
reports were issued by HUD's Office of Policy Development
and Research.
Three Studies:
- Costs Associated with First-Time
Homelessness for Families and Individuals
- Strategies for Improving
People's Access to Mainstream Benefits and Services
- Life after Transitional Housing
for Homeless Families
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Some History
Homelessness
has migrated toward rural and suburban areas. There were 1.6
million homeless people in shelters in 2009. The number of homeless
people has not changed dramatically but the number of homeless
families has increased, according to a 2009 HUD report.
On May 20, 2009, President Obama
signed the Homeless Emergency
Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act into
Public Law (Public Law 111-22 or "PL 111-22"), reauthorizing HUD's
Homeless Assistance programs. It was part of the Helping Families Save
Their Homes Act of 2009 (HEARTH). The goal of the HEARTH Act is
to prevent homelessness, offer rapid re-housing, consolidate
housing programs, and create new homeless categories. In the
eighteen months after the bill's signing, HUD must make regulations
implementing this new McKinney program.
In late 2009, some homeless
advocacy organizations, such as the National Coalition for
the Homeless, reported and published perceived problems with
the HEARTH Act of 2009 within the framework of the McKinney-Vento
Reauthorization bill, especially with regard to privacy,
definitional ineligibility, community roles, and restrictions on
eligible activities.
As the foreclosure epidemic
continues to grow, the population of the homeless is also
increasing. This puts considerable strain on municipal, state, and
federal resources as well as faith-based outreach efforts. HUD's
programs are one of several means to respond to this situation.
And, as is the case with so much of the economic crisis and
recession, there is no single solution to some of these intractable
problems.
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Highlights
Research Findings
Research
Report
Costs Associated with First-Time Homelessness for Families and
Individuals
- For homeless individuals, emergency shelter is typically the
least expensive response and transitional housing is the most
expensive.
- For homeless families, emergency shelters and transitional
housing programs were equally expensive, usually due to the amount
of services families receive in both program models and the higher
cost of providing families with accommodations that have a greater
degree of privacy than individuals require.
- Permanent supportive housing for both individuals and families
is less expensive to the homeless assistance response system, as
service costs are borne by other systems, such as Food Stamp or
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families programs.
Research
Report
Strategies for Improving People's Access to Mainstream Benefits and
Services
- Communities with the greatest success had a strong central
organization intent on improving access of homeless persons to
mainstream services.
- Communities were usually able to reduce structural barriers to
benefits (such as physical access, complexity and length of
application processes) and rules for documenting eligibility.
- Communities were less successful in overcoming barriers beyond
their control, such as eligibility requirements for various
programs and limited capacity of mainstream service providers.
- Communities have developed innovative ways to overcome barriers
to mainstream benefits, but some barriers can only be resolved with
state or federal involvement.
Research
Report
Life after Transitional Housing for Homeless Families
- Individuals benefited from educational and employment
opportunities that help change life circumstances.
- Children benefited from having fewer moves and school
changes.
- Families leaving transitional housing moved to their own place,
and 60 percent remained in their homes 12 months later.
- No relationship was established between the number of barriers
to stability that a family faces, the length of stay in
transitional housing, and the outcomes of the stay.
- Families with relatively few challenges remained in
transitional housing for long durations and may be using such
assistance while waiting for subsidized housing to become
available.
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Visit
Library for Issuance
HUD's Office of Policy
Development and Research
-Costs Associated with First-Time Homelessness for Families and
Individuals
-Strategies for Improving People's Access to Mainstream Benefits
and Services
-Life after Transitional Housing for Homeless Families
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