This Week in Primary Care

The National Health Service Corps Issue


The National Health Service Corps (NHSC) was founded in 1972, as an old guard of general practitioners retired and newly trained physicians increasingly chose to specialize. Designed to train a new generation of primary care doctors and connect them to communities that needed them, the NHSC paid participants’ way through medical school in return for a term of service in a Health Professional Shortage Area after completing residency. For most participants, that meant three years on scholarship and three years of service. Over the 1970s, the budget of the program swelled 10x and the number of participating physicians increased with it, from 181 to 1800.

 

In the 1980s, amidst fears there would soon be too many physicians, Congress restricted funding to the NHSC (Major Milestones, see also the PC4AA 9/16/25 issue). At the same time, the program introduced a new mechanism: loan repayment. Instead of receiving a guaranteed prospective scholarship, some NHSC participants would have to take out large loans to pay for medical school on their own, then receive help repaying those loans during their service years. Since then, loan repayments dwarf scholarships; in 2023, 7,302 health professionals were on loan repayments versus 228 on scholarships.

 

In a new article, PC4AA’s Eve Shapiro talks with five physicians who participated in the National Health Service Corps about why they did it, what their service was like, and how it changed them. From organizing an interdisciplinary public-health team to care for everyone in a Tennessee town, to jumping in a 90-minute ambulance any time someone needed a C-section; from setting up a brand-new pediatrics primary care clinic, to starting in a Federally Qualified Health Center for three years of service that’s now sixteen years and counting, these Corps physicians expanded access to primary care and have continued to care for those on the margins. Read on for what we can learn from the early NHSC Scholarship program—not just as a country but community by community— to build primary care for all Americans.

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