Market Update for the Quarter Ending December 31, 2021
Presented by Daniel Schoenecker
Solid December Caps Off a Strong Year for Markets
Markets rallied to finish out 2021, with all three major U.S. indices notching gains for the month, quarter, and year. The S&P 500 gained 4.48 percent in December, 11.03 percent for the quarter, and 28.71 percent for the year. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) returned 5.53 percent in December, 7.87 percent for the quarter, and 20.95 percent for the year. The Nasdaq Composite posted returns of 0.74 percent, 8.45 percent, and 22.18 percent, respectively, for the month, quarter, and year.
These results coincided with improving fundamentals throughout the course of the year. According to Bloomberg Intelligence, as of December 10, 2021, the blended earnings growth rate for the S&P 500 in the third quarter was 41.1 percent. This is notably higher than analyst estimates at the start of earnings season for a 28.4 percent increase. Over the long run, fundamentals drive market performance, so the return to earnings growth in 2021 bodes well for future performance.
Technical factors also remained supportive for markets throughout the month, quarter, and year. All three major indices finished December above their respective 200-day moving averages and have seen solid technical support since the expiration of initial lockdowns in 2020—a sign that investors remain confident in the economic recovery.
International markets had a solid December but mixed performance throughout the quarter and year. The MSCI EAFE Index gained 5.12 percent during the month, 2.69 percent for the quarter, and 11.26 percent for the year. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index experienced a 1.92 percent rise in December, a 1.24 percent decline in the fourth quarter, and a 2.22 percent decline for the year.
Technicals were mixed for international markets. The MSCI EAFE Index finished December above trend. But the MSCI Emerging Markets Index spent the entire quarter below its 200-day moving average. This weakness was due to concerns about the slowdown in Chinese growth, the country’s troubled property development sector, and the Omicron variant.
Over the course of the year, long-term interest rates began to normalize closer to pre-pandemic levels. The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield increased from 0.93 percent at the start of 2021 to 1.52 percent at year-end. This served as a headwind for investment-grade fixed income. The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index declined by 0.26 percent in December, gained 0.01 percent for the quarter, and fell 1.54 percent for the year.
High-yield fixed income returned a solid 1.87 percent in December, which contributed to a 0.71 percent gain for the quarter and a 5.28 percent increase for the year.
Medical Risks Rise at Year-End
We saw medical risks increase toward the end of the year, as the Omicron variant drove case growth during the month. Average daily new cases in the U.S. increased to the highest recorded level, surpassing the previous peak from January 2021.
We finished the month with 62 percent of Americans fully vaccinated and another 12 percent having received at least one shot. This reflects a notable shift from earlier in the year and indicates that Americans remain relatively well protected. Progress on the vaccine front is expected in the months ahead, which should help mitigate the potential impact of the recent rise in cases.
Economic Recovery Remains Resilient
The labor market showed signs of improvement throughout the quarter. The unemployment rate fell to 4.2 percent at the end of November (a notable improvement from the December 2020 unemployment rate of 6.7 percent), and the number of initial jobless claims fell below pre-pandemic levels.
After declining for much of the fall, consumer confidence showed signs of stabilizing at the end of the year, and consumer spending growth remained strong.
Businesses, likewise, showed signs of continued recovery. Business confidence rebounded swiftly following the expiration of initial lockdowns in 2020. It surged further in October and November 2021, reaching a new record high (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. ISM Composite Index, 2011–Present