RECENTLY PUBLISHED BIOCHAR-RELATED RESOURCES
May 2018
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Papers in this list are from last month’s new ‘biochar’ entries in Google Scholar. Quotes are from the papers, which are accessible through the links provided. These have been extracted by
IBI Newsletter Editor Robert W. Gillett
to keep the length of this addendum manageable, yet informative enough to prompt further investigation by readers. Emphasis was placed on highlighting new findings leading to practical application, but with the expectation that decisions will be informed by accessing the full publication.
URLs followed by the padlock symbol link to open access articles.
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From the Abstract:
“Underperformance was attributed mainly to low NO
3
–N loading (mean 9.4 ± 4.4 kg ha
−1
yr
−1
)...”
From the Abstract:
“The experimental results revealed that CO
2
capture capacity, from a flow containing 10 and 15 vol% CO
2
, was almost 7 and 9 times higher, respectively, for ultrasound-treated amine-activated biochar, compared to raw biochar.”
From the Abstract:
“Purification biogas by CO2 adsorption gave positive effect on economic, environmental and social aspects if system was integrated with biochar sales unit.”
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From the Abstract:
“This paper has aimed at studying the fixed bed pyrolysis of dried and crushed algal biomass of
Cystoseira barbata
, a brown macroalga growing along the Romanian coast of Black Sea, under carbon dioxide atmosphere.”
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From the Abstract:
“This chapter provides an overview of the state of the art on biochar resources, production processes and result of pyrolysis, surface characteristics of biochar, interactions of biochar with soil, and associated biota (microbes and plant).”
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From the Abstract:
“The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) and U(VI) on [magnetic biochar] was 129 and 118 mg g
−1
at 328 K respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other sources biochars.”
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From the Abstract:
“The adsorption–regeneration cycles confirmed that [magnetic reed biochar] was a highly efficient and reusable adsorbent for the removal of FF from aqueous solution.”
From the Abstract:
“The results obtained show that 2 kinds of oil crop biochars [(flax straw and rape straw)] are both excellent adsorbents to Pb
2+
in aqueous solution ...”
From the Abstract:
“Study highlighted that use of chlorpyrifos under climate change factors may inhibit CH
4
consumption but the use of biochar may alleviate the negative effect of the chlorpyrifos.”
From the Abstract:
“...biochars produced at high pyrolysis temperatures (>700°C) or those receiving pre-pyrolysis treatments with AlCl
3
are optimized for anionic contaminant adsorption, whereas biochars produced at low pyrolysis temperatures (400°C) are optimized for cationic contaminant adsorption.”
From the Abstract:
“...activation of the biochar ... of agroindustrial residue (fiber) of the green ... with sodium carbonate (Na
2
CO
3
) at high temperature. ... activated biochar (ABC) ... was tested for use in the extraction of organic compounds present in the phenolic liquor...”
From the Abstract:
“The results suggest that when biochar is used to treat heavy metal wastewater containing coexisting surfactants, the type and concentration of surfactants must be considered as important factors. Under certain surfactant conditions, biochar will enable the simultaneous and efficient removal of heavy metals and surfactants.”
From the Abstract:
“...synthetic sludge of controllable composition could then be applied in complex thermochemical process analysis as a representative compound to improve consistency of the results. Composition of sludge could also be manipulated as a control parameter...”
From the Abstract:
“The application of 2% biochar + 2% oyster shell waste most effectively reduced As levels in the column leaching test by reducing the arsenic concentration in the porewater by 62.3% compared with the treatment without amendments.”
From the Abstract:
“...gasification greatly enhanced the stability and reduced the availability of [heavy metals] in
S. alfredii
.”
Dang, Van Minh, Stephen Joseph, Huu Tap Van, Thi Lan Anh Mai, Thi Minh Hoa Duong, Simon Weldon, Paul Munroe, David Mitchell, and Sarasadat Taherymoosavi. 2018. “
Immobilization of Heavy Metals
in Contaminated Soil after Mining Activity by Using Biochar and Other Industrial by-Products: The Significant Role of Minerals on the Biochar Surfaces.”
Environmental Technology
, April, 1–40.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1468487
.
From the Abstract:
“This study was undertaken to determine if rice straw biochar produced in simple drum ovens could remediate contaminated land. Tests were also carried out to determine if biochar and apatite mixed together could be more effective than biochar alone... It was found that biochar at 5% (BC5) and the
mixture of biochar and apatite at 3% (BCA3) resulted in the greatest reduction of exchangeable forms of Cd, Pb and Zn.”
From the Abstract:
“...maximum uptake of 1.12 ± 0.025 mg/g.”
Highlight:
“Removal efficiency of lead from the solution reached a maximum value of 80.5%.”
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From the Abstract:
“The maximum adsorption of Pb2+ was obtained at initial concentration 0.1 mM and the adsorption of Pb2+ attained equilibrium at about 15 min, with maximum removal percent of 97.0%.”
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From the Abstract:
“...the composite exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 14.77 mg g
−1
despite low surface areas (4.81 m
2
g
−1
).”
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From the Abstract:
“The percentage of Cr(VI) removed by reduction and surface sorption was 81.70% and 18.30%, respectively, at the initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10.02 mg/L.”
From the Abstract:
“The prepared bio-adsorbent revealed a shorter equilibrium time (<60 min) for Pb(II) adsorption and a superior capacity of 594.17 mg g−1 for Hg(II) adsorption, which are so far the best recorded performance achieved for chitosan based adsorbents.”
From the Abstract:
“... a feasible and simple approach for the preparation of high-performance materials for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater in a cost-effective manner.”
From the Abstract:
“A pyrolysis residence time of 5 minutes at 500 °C reduced all genes to below detection limits.”
From the Abstract:
“Growing
S. plumbizincicola
with biochar resulted in higher decreases in extractable Cd and Zn by 60.0% and 53.2%, respectively, and more than three times Cd and Zn removal efficiencies compared to growing
S. plumbizincicola
without biochar.”
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Lievens, Caroline, Daniel Mourant, Xun Hu, Yi Wang, Liping Wu, Angelina Rossiter, Richard Gunawan, Min He, and Chun-Zhu Li. 2018. “A Case Study: What Is
Leached
from Mallee Biochars as a Function of pH?”
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
190 (5): 294.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6681-8
.
From the Abstract:
“... potential toxicity due to the leaching of light organic compounds when biochars are added to soils. Furthermore, this study also showed the influence of pH on the leaching of large aromatic organics from the biochars. Apart from the pH of leaching solution, the influence of the biomass feedstock on the leaching kinetics of large aromatic organics from biochars was demonstrated.”
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Highlights:
“Nano biochar reduced dispersion of [goethite] and [hematite] [nanoparticles (NPs]) via heteroaggregation. Nano biochar barely associated with [kaolinite] and [montmorillonite] NPs due to electrostatic repulsion.”
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Mukherjee, Shraboni, Sujata Dutta, Sourjya Ray, and Gopinath Halder. 2018. “A Comparative Study on
Defluoridation
Capabilities of Biosorbents: Isotherm, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Cost Estimation, and Eco-Toxicological Study.”
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
, April. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1931-4.
From the Abstract:
“The present study aims towards fluoride remediation from synthetic water using steam-activated carbon of
Aegle marmelos
(bael shell/wood apple) (BAC) and
Parthenium hysterophorus
(PHAC) according to batch sorption techniques. ... Comparing the removal efficiencies of both the adsorbents, it can be concluded that BAC shell proved to be an efficient adsorbent over PHAC for fluoride elimination from aqueous solution.”
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From the Abstract:
“Surprisingly, miscanthus biochar, by itself, was limited at mitigation, but when combined with lime, the combination was capable of further reducing extractable metal concentrations and improving β-glucosidase enzyme activity.”
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Ogunkunle, Clement O., Mayank Varun, Iyanuoluwa G. Ogundele, Kehinde S. Olorunmaiye, and Manoj S. Paul. 2018. “Citrus Epicarp-Derived Biochar Reduced
Cd
Uptake and Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Young Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench (Okra) Under Low Cd Stress.”
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2339-z
.
From the Abstract:
“BC treatments (both at 1% and 3% w/w) decreased the oxidative stress, and enhanced activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the young okra.”
From the Abstract:
“The sorption of both atrazine and phenanthrene by the pig manure biochar produced at 300 °C (BC300) decreased after aging due to an increase in surface hydrophilicity. In contrast, the sorption of atrazine and phenanthrene by BC700 increased after aging with minerals, which could be attributed to the increase in surface area caused by the minerals. However, the sorption capacities of the aged BC700 were still lower than those of the fresh BC700.”
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Risks, M Saffari - Journal of Chemical Health, “Optimization of
Cadmium
Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Walnut-Shell Residues Biochar Supported/unsupported by Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron through
Response Surface Methodology.”
Jchr.org
.
http://www.jchr.org/index.php/JCHR/article/view/853
.
From the Abstract
:
“
The existence of functional groups on the surface of WSB via precipitation and adsorption processes, as well as nZVI formed on the WSB-nZVI via generating adsorption and complexation processes, have increased the ability Cd removal than WSB raw adsorbent.”
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From the Abstract:
“Application of amendments, particularly [sugar beet factory lime (SBFL)], followed by [nano hydroxyapatite (NHA)] and [biochar (BI)] resulted in an improvement for maize growth and its productivity ... However, application of NHA significantly reduced the mobile fraction of Cd, Pb and Ni in soil and consequently in different maize organs, followed by application of SBFL and BI in comparison to untreated soil or soil treated with PAM.”
From the Abstract:
“The results demonstrate that the BC50%ZE50% treatment can efficiently reduce Ni concentrations in the roots, shoots and grain of both sunflower and maize whereas, an improvement in biomass, grain yield, physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant defense machinery of both crops can only be achieved with the application of BC75%ZE25% treatment in a Ni contaminated soil.”
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From the Abstract:
“... the impact of biochar on the chemical characteristics (greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen loss, decomposition and humification of organic matter) and microbial community structure during composting of organic wastes.”
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Sivarajasekar, N, … N Mohanraj - Intelligent, and “Comparative Modeling of
Fluoride
Biosorption onto Waste Gossypium Hirsutum Seed Microwave-Biochar Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural.”
Ieeexplore.ieee.org
.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8342815/
.
From the Abstract:
“... to develop a prediction models for optimization for fluoride removal ...”
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Tahir, Saniya, Shamim Gul, Sadaf Aslam Ghori, Meenah Sohail, Saira Batool, Nelofer Jamil, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani, and Mujeeb ur Rehman Butt. 2018. “Biochar Influences Growth Performance and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Spinach under
Wastewater Irrigation
.” Edited by Manuel Tejada Moral.
Cogent Food & Agriculture
4 (1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1467253
.
From the Abstract:
“Biochar application at 5% and when co-applied with manure at all application rates increased aboveground plant biomass under wastewater and groundwater irrigation. ... Under wastewater irrigation, application of biochar tended to reduce the concentration of Ni when co-amended with manure while increased the concentration of Cu in aboveground plant tissues at 3 and 5% rates and when co-applied with manure at 10% rate.”
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Wang, Dunqiu, Huijun Shan, Xiaojie Sun, Hongxia Zhang, and Yanhua Wu. 2018. “Removal of
Nitrobenzene
from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Carbonized Sugarcane Bagasse.”
Adsorption Science & Technology
, April, 26361741877182.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0263617418771823
.
From the Abstract:
“Results revealed that the optimal sorbent mass was 0.3 g/50 mL at pH 5.8 and 25°C.”
Highlights:
“Adsorption is largely affected by oxygen-containing surface functional groups and pH. Oxidation increases the affinity of Pb(II) to biochar and decreases the desorption in water. Pb(II) adsorption is not fully reversible using NaNO
3
irrespective of oxidation.”
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From the Abstract:
“For a representative endocrine disrupting pollutant, bisphenol A, an average removal rate of 3.21 mol BPA per mol oxidant per h could be achieved by peroxymonosulfate in a wide pH range of 4.0–10.0 at a biochar dosage of 0.2 g L
−1
. Also, a high mineralization efficiency of ∼80% (total organic carbon removal) was obtained within 30 min.”
Highlights:
“Silicon biochar was effective in decreasing As bioaccumulation in spinach by 37.7%. Silicon prevented As uptake by spinach although pore water As increased by 64.4%. Dry biomass in spinach increased by 67.7% correlating positively with the plant Si.”
From the Abstract:
“The activity of the soil enzymes (urease, sucrase, and catalase) showed that the addition of all the materials, including lime, biochar, and carbon black, exhibited positive effects on microbial remediation after soil washing.”
From the Abstract:
“The results showed that [One-Step Microwave Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge (OMPSS)] prepared adsorbents had excellent adsorption performance, achieving the highest removal efficiencies of 97.3 and 95.9% for eosin and safranine T, respectively.”
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Zhu, Xiaomin, Yinshan Wang, Yuecan Zhang, and Baoliang Chen. 2018. “Reduced Bioavailability and Plant Uptake of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
from Soil Slurry Amended with Biochars Pyrolyzed under Various Temperatures.”
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1874-9
.
From the Abstract:
“Sorption of PAHs to biochars reduced plant uptake of PAHs in roots and shoots by lowering freely dissolved PAHs. Aging process reduced the bioavailability of PAHs that were bound to biochar. High pyrolysis temperature can be recommended for biochar preparation for purpose of effectively immobilizing PAHs ...”
From the Abstract:
“Taking into account the removal efficiency, recyclability, cost, preparation process, and stability of adsorbents, Fe
3+
-HBC was recommended for Cr(VI) removal.”
From the Abstract:
“A circular economic model based on cotton waste gasification is proposed.”
Beck, Andrew W., Anthony J. O’Brien, George G. Zaimes, Daniel E. Resasco, Steven P. Crossley, and Vikas Khanna. 2018. “Systems-Level Analysis of Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for
Coproducing Biobased Fuels and Chemicals
: Implications for Sustainability.”
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
, April, acssuschemeng.7b03949.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03949
.
From the Abstract:
“Coproducts—including cyclopentanone (CPO), biochar, and a potential net electricity export—are handled via six coproduct scenarios...”
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From the Abstract:
“The results show that, the value of grounding resistance increases with the increase in diameter of biochar addition. Obtained 164 Ω earth resistance at 20 cm diameter, 369 Ω in diameter 30 cm and 573 Ω in diameter 40 cm.”
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From the Abstract:
“... a high specific capacitance of 273.8 F g
−1
with a current density of 1 A g
−1
and preferable stability over 5000 cycles (with a loss rate of only 3.7%) was exhibited in a 1 M KOH electrolyte solution.”
From the Abstract:
“A simple procedure was developed to synthesize molybdenum carbide nanoparticles (Mo
2
C/BC) by carburization of molybdate salts supported on the biochar from pyrolysis of biomass without using extra carbon source or reducing gas. ... Temperature programmed surface reactions of Mo
2
C/BC indicated that CH
4
dissociated as CH
4
⇋
C
∗
+ 2H
2
on the catalyst surface, and CO
2
reacted as CO
2
+ C
∗
⇋
2CO+
∗
due to oxidation of Mo
2
C.”
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From the Abstract:
“Incorporating photocatalytic nanoparticles with biochar templates can produce biochar-supported photocatalysts (BSPs) and combine the advantages of biochar with catalytic nanoparticles. The obtained composite exhibits excellent surface properties, crystallinity, chemical stability, recoverability, and higher photocatalytic competency than the bare semiconductor photocatalyst.”
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From the Abstract:
“Bio-char after HTL process was activated and used as adsorbent in wastewater treatment process to remove organic pollutants (COD, NO3, NH3 and PO4). Treated wastewater can be supplied as growth medium for microalgae cultivation...”
From the Abstract:
“A lab-scale catalytic pyrolysis unit with the feeding rate of 100–500 g h
−1
was designed and manufactured with a fluidized bed reactor. ... The highest bio-oil yield was 46.9 wt% with biochar, and non-condensable gas yields of 30.0 wt% and 23.1 wt%, respectively at 500 °C.”
From the Abstract:
“The cassava peel biochar based catalyst with a total acid density of 2.9 mmol/g and sulfonic acid group density of 1.7 mmol/g showed the best result among the sulfonated biochar catalysts for the enhanced biodiesel production.”
From the Abstract:
“The optimization for biochar generation was carried out for different reaction temperatures and heating durations. The biochar was used to prepare solid acid catalysts by sulfonation process.”
Elleuch, A., K. Halouani, and Y. Li. 2018. “Exploration of Complex Electrochemical and Chemo-Mechanical Behavior of Solid Oxide
Fuel Cell Fueled with Pyrolysis Bio-Oil
.”
Fuel Cells
18 (2): 206–18.
https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201700074
.
From the Abstract:
“This study suggests an environmentally benign biodiesel production process that recycles organic waste such as chicken manure.”
From the Abstract:
“A high MA conversion of 91.5% with an ethanol selectivity of 96.4% was achieved under the optimum reaction conditions (513 K, 2 MPa,
n
(H
2
)/
n
(MA) = 60, liquid hourly space velocity = 0.8 h
−1
). In addition, the alkali-rich char residue was activated directly to obtain activated carbon (AC) with a BET surface area of 442 m
2
g
−1
.”
From the Abstract:
“The remaining biochar is suitable for application as fertilizer since it is rich of iron and organic carbon.”
From the Abstract:
“The C. odorata: soybean soapstock ratio of 1:2 and feedstock: catalyst ratio of 2:1 were the optimal condition to upgrade the bio-oil. In addition, the resulted biochar contained various essential elements and could be used as soil repair agent.”
From the Abstract:
“... hydrothermal torrefaction pretreatment effectively reduced the acids content from 34.5% to 13.2% and enriched the content of phenols (from 27.23% to 60.05%) in bio-oil due to the decreasing of hemicellulos in torrefied bio-char.”
Highlights:
“Self-activation method in a closed-cycle system was used to prepare biochar. Biochar with surface area of 567 m
2
/g and total pore volume of 0.380 cm
3
/g was produced. The calorific of the pyrolysis–gas after activation process was 14.00 J/cm3.”
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Bostick, Kyle W., Andrew R. Zimmerman, Andrew. S. Wozniak, Siddhartha Mitra, and Patrick G. Hatcher. 2018. “Production and Composition of Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Matter From a Logical Series of Laboratory-Generated Chars.”
Frontiers in Earth Science
6 (April).
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00043
.
From the Abstract:
“...it is expected that estimates of dissolved pyC production and export, made only by detection of [condensed aromatic carbon], are too low by factors of 4–11.”
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Cook, Stephen P., and Valmir Rodriguies de Andrade Neto. 2018. “Laboratory Evaluation of the Direct Impact of Biochar on Adult Survival of Four
Forest Insect
Species.”
Northwest Science
92 (1): 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.3955/046.092.0102
.
From the Abstract:
“The results demonstrate a potential for negative impacts on multiple insect species following exposure to dry biochar.”
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From the Abstract:
“... the experiences of the Utah Biomass Resources Group in developing mobile pyrolysis technologies and generating the products derived from pyrolysis of woody biomass—biochar, bio-oil, and syngas.”
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Highlights:
“A trade-off between profit and CO
2
sequestration exists in a biochar-based [Carbon Management Network]. A unique sequestration factor is proposed to account for biochar-soil interactions.”
Chen, Y, YX Liu, CJ Chen, HH Lyu, … YY Wa - The Journal of Applied Ecology, “
Priming Effect of Biochar
on the Mineralization of Native Soil Organic Carbon and the Mechanisms: A Review.”
Europepmc.org
.
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29692042
.
From the Abstract:
“...to assess if growing season patterns in soil N
2
O emissions were correlated with the underlying microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification.”
Ji, Cheng, Yaguo Jin, Chen Li, Jie Chen, Delei Kong, Kai Yu, Shuwei Liu, and Jianwen Zou. 2018. “Variation in
Soil Methane
Release or Uptake Responses to Biochar Amendment: A Separate Meta-Analysis.”
Ecosystems
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0248-y
.
From the Abstract:
“... the role of biochar in soil CH
4
mitigation potential might have been exaggerated, particularly in fields when biochar is applied in combination with N fertilizer.”
Kang, Se-Won, Seong-Heon Kim, Jong-Hwan Park, Dong-Cheol Seo, Yong Sik Ok, and Ju-Sik Cho. 2018. “Effect of Biochar Derived from Barley Straw on
Soil Physicochemical Properties, Crop Growth, and Nitrous Oxide Emission
in an Upland Field in South Korea.”
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1888-3
.
From the Abstract:
“Fresh weights of Chinese cabbage grown under [biochar (BC)], [inorganic fertilizer (IF)], and BC + IF treatment conditions increased by 64.9, 78.4, and 112.0%, respectively, over that in the [control] treatment area.”
From the Abstract:
“This is the first report that increased soil organic C recalcitrancy and decreased activities of C-degrading enzymes are responsible for biochar to reduce R
H
in the subtropical plantation, which may be key to regulating R
H
in subtropical plantations through forest management.”
Polifka, Steven, Katja Wiedner, and Bruno Glaser. 2018. “Increased
CO
2
Fluxes from a Sandy Cambisol
under Agricultural Use in the Wendland Region, Northern Germany, Three Years after Biochar Substrates Application.”
GCB Bioenergy
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12517
.
From the Abstract:
“... our results clearly demonstrated that only a small amount of released CO
2
derived from biochar. The results of this field experiment suggest that biochar most likely stimulates microbial activity in soil leading to increased CO
2
emissions derived from soil organic matter and fertilizers mineralization rather than from biochar. Nevertheless, compared to the amount of carbon added by biochar, additional CO
2
emission is marginal corroborating the C sequestration potential of biochar.”
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From the Abstract:
“... plantation-based [pyrogenic carbon capture and storage] may require conversion of natural vegetation to biomass plantations in the order of 133–3280 Mha globally ... additional bio-oil sequestration reduces land demand considerably by potentially up to 60%, while the benefits from yield increases account for another 3%–38% reduction ...”
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Wu, Z, YB Dong, ZQ Xiong - The Journal of Applied Ecology, “Effects of Biochar Application Three-Years Ago on Global Warming Potentials of
CH4 and N2O
in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System.”
Europepmc.org
.
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29692022
.
From the Abstract:
“Relative to the N treatment, the NB3 treatment significantly improved crop yield by 14.1% while reduced the CH4 and N2O emissions by 9.0% and 34.0%, respectively. In addition, the NB0 treatment significantly improved crop yield by 9.3%, while reduced the N2O emission by 38.6% though increased the CH4 emissions by 4.7% relative to the N treatment.”
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From the Abstract:
“... rice-straw biochar amendment and water-saving irrigation technology can inhibit CH 4 emissions while increasing rice yield and irrigation water productivity.”
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From the Abstract:
“... adding straw and biochar could significantly reduce the nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization, and adding biochar could get the best effect.”
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From the Abstract:
“The aim of this paper was to study the effect of three biochars originated from pyrolysis of the organic fraction of urban waste at two different temperatures (300 °C and 500 °C) and two residence times (1 h and 5 h... Biochars prepared at 300 °C resulted in lower germination index values, ... while the biochar prepared as 500 °C exhibited a phytostimulant effect.”
Highlights:
“Biochar application increased soil moisture and reduced temperature of green roof. Biochar application can largely prompt plant growth and alter microbial community. The application rate of 10–15% sludge biochar exerted the most significant effects.”
Choi, Hyun-Sug, Yan Zhao, Haijie Dou, Xiaoya Cai, Mengmeng Gu, and Fei Yu. 2018. “Effects of Biochar
Mixtures with Pine-Bark Based Substrates
on Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops.”
Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-018-0035-x
.
From the Abstract:
“Generally, no negative effect on plant growth was observed in PB mixes with biochar as high as 60%,...”
From the Abstract:
“...15 t ha
−1
of cocoa shell biochar needs to be applied approximately every third season in order to maintain positive effects on yield.”
From the Abstract:
“Incorporating huge quantity of biochar into soils provides numerous agricultural benefits, which this special paper examines.”
Faghih, Fatemeh, Mostafa Emadi, Fardin Sadegh-Zadeh, and Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar. 2018. “
Long-Term Charcoal-Induced Changes to Soil Properties in
Temperate Regions of Northern Iran.”
Journal of Forestry Research
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0641-6
.
From the Abstract:
“The presence of charcoal in soils for about 120 years elevated significantly the black carbon, total OC, natural soil OC, total nitrogen, dissolved organic matter, soil OC density, exchangeable bases, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity and available Fe, Mn and Zn compared to the adjacent reference soils. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH were 15.5 cmol
c
kg
−1
and 0.5 units, respectively, higher than the adjacent reference soils at 0–20 cm soil depth.”
From the Abstract:
“...length, surface area, volume and biomass of root system and rooting ability increased by 32.4%, 30.1%, 50.0%, 13.7% and 21.5% respectively, and leaf area, plant height, basal stem width and aerial biomass of seedlings increased by 19.2%, 8.0%, 5.3% and 10.2% respectively. ”
Günal, Elif, Halil Erdem, and Ahmet Demirbaş. 2018. “Effects of Three Biochar Types on Activity of
β-Glucosidase Enzyme
in Two Agricultural Soils of Different Textures.”
Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science
, April, 03650340.2018.1471205.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2018.1471205
.
From the Abstract:
“Addition of biochars reduced the [β-glucosidase enzyme] activity and the decline was higher in sandy loam compared to loamy soils.”
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Huff, Matthew D., Sarah Marshall, Haitham A. Saeed, and James W. Lee. 2018. “Surface Oxygenation of Biochar through
Ozonization for Dramatically Enhancing Cation Exchange Capacity
.”
Bioresources and Bioprocessing
5 (1): 18.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-018-0205-9
.
From the Abstract:
“... a doubling of CEC with a concomitantly large drop in pH of the ozonized biochar compared with the untreated sample, brought about by the creation of acidic oxygen-functional groups on biochar surface ...”
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From the Abstract:
“... to determine the effect of biochar-soil mixes on the soil physico-chemical properties for rooting and growth performance using air-layering. A 2X5 Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design which consisted of five soil-biochar amendments (2 part Coconut husk biochar: 1 part Topsoil, 2 part Maize stover biochar: 1 part Topsoil, 2 part Rice husk biochar: 1 part Topsoil, 2 part Paspalum conjugatum biochar: 1 part Topsoil and only Topsoil) and the two plant type ...”
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From the Abstract:
“... following three years of sugarcane planting, the filtered cake biochar and boiler ash consistently showed higher sugarcane production than other organic amendment treatments.”
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From the Abstract:
“... applying biochar at rates up to 1.2 Mg.ha-1 increased rice yield, but restrained shoot elongation rate and plant height.”
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Li, Shuailin, and Zhouping Shangguan. 2018. “Positive Effects of Apple Branch Biochar on
Wheat Yield
Only Appear at a Low Application Rate, regardless of Nitrogen and Water Conditions.”
Journal of Soils and Sediments
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1994-3
.
From the Abstract:
“The optimum application combination was 1% (or possibly even less) apple branch biochar (B1) and moderate N fertilizer (N1).”
From the Abstract:
“[Rice straw biochar] had a significant stronger positive effect on grain yield than [bamboo biochar], because it regulated soil temperature more effectively”
From the Abstract:
“This research shows that for 3 of the 4 species studied, soilless nursery media can be amended by up to 45% biochar content with minimal costs to plant growth and a reduction in watering frequency.”
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Moland, Sadie, Brent M. Robicheau, Robin Browne, Ruth Newell, and Allison K. Walker. 2018. “Determining the Effects of Biochar and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculant on the
Growth of Fowl Mannagrass (
Glyceria Striata
) (Poaceae
).” Edited by Iain EP Taylor.
FACETS
3 (1): 441–54.
https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0066
.
From the Abstract:
“... a 50% (
v
/
v
) application rate of nutrient-charged biochar without AMF produces a significantly greater growth response (4.4× greater shoot height and 85× greater shoot mass compared with 0% biochar (AMF negative) control).”
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From the Abstract:
“There were no effects on foliage yield due to level of biochar.”
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From the Abstract:
“... leaf biomass in plots treated with a 9:1 biochar/pig manure compost increased by approximately 13% compared with the leaf biomass in plots treated with the compost alone. The leaf biomass of the other treatments was higher than that of the control.”
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SONG, HJ, JH LEE, SH KIM, … HC LEE -
九州大学大学院農学
, “Effect of Biochar Derived from Coffee Sludge on Growth of
Chinese Cabbage
(Brassica Campestris L. Ssp. Pekinensis) in Field Soil and Bed Soil.”
Ci.nii.ac.jp
.
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/120006425539/
.
From the Abstract:
“In field soil, the Chinese cabbage with 5% treatment of coffee sludge biochar had the highest fresh weight (116.46 ± 1.3 g/plant) and as the content of biochar increased, the number of leaves that appeared also increased. In bed soil, the Chinese cabbage with 2% coffee sludge biochar treatment had the highest fresh weight (209.35 ± 13.8 g/plant).”
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From the Abstract:
“... surface treatments were more likely to increase rice yield compared with the conventional mixed treatments.”
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Zhao, J, X Zhao, SQ Wang, GX Xing - Journal of Applied Ecology, “Effects of
Successive Incorporation of Rice Straw Biochar into an
Alkaline Soil
on Soil Fertility, Carbon Sequestration and Ammonia Volatilization.”
Europepmc.org
.
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29692026
.
From the Abstract:
“The results showed that BC treatments (BC2.25 and BC22.5) improved soil fertility and crop growth compared to the no BC control.”
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From the Abstract:
“The root box test method was used to compare the effects and differences of biomass carbon and pectin on the nutrient and heavy metal migration characteristics of soil-plant system under reclaimed water irrigation.”
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From the Abstract:
“... the application of biochar could improve soil physicochemical properties and fertility and the growth and yield of maize, but the effect would be lowered when biochar application rate is more than 30 g/kg.”
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From the Abstract:
“This study shows that adding biochar to irrigation soil in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia can improve the soil organic carbon storage, soil TOC, LOC, and POC content in the surface layer (0-20 cm), and it is conducive to the carbon sequestration of the irrigation and siltation soil, and the exogenous organisms. Carbon increased soil nutrients and promoted the yield of rice.”
Cao, YT, DL She - The Journal of Applied Ecology, “Effects of Biochar and PAM Application on
Saline Soil Hydraulic Properties
of Coastal Reclamation Region.”
Europepmc.org
.
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29692112
.
From the Abstract:
“The results showed that soil saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 46.4% when biochar was applied at 2% compared with the control,...”
CJ Atkinson - Soil Use and Management, “How Good Is the Evidence That Soil Applied Biochar Improves
Water Holding Capacity
?”
Gala.gre.ac.uk
.
http://gala.gre.ac.uk/19574/
.
From the Abstract:
“As yet there is limited evidence that biochar improves soil water content in temperate soils and even less that it facilitates plant tolerance to drought stress.”
Highlights:
“Biochar amendment enhances the formation of narrow and medium pores. Wetting/drying cycles rearrange the inter-aggregate pore space and enhance hydraulic conductivity in biochar amendments. Biochar enhances rigidity of coarse textures and prevents rapid water loss.”
From the Abstract:
“The properties were compared with those of NR composites prepared with carbon black conventional filler ...”
Peterson, Steven C, and Sanghoon Kim. 2018. “Using Heat-Treated Starch to Modify the Surface of Biochar and Improve the Tensile Properties of Biochar-Filled
Styrene–butadiene Rubber Composites
.”
Journal of Elastomers & Plastics
, April, 9524431876863.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244318768636
.
From the Abstract:
“Biochar particles modified with 5% (weight) [heat-treated starch] showed increases of 59% in the ultimate tensile strength, 49% in elongation percentage, and 79% in fracture toughness of SBR composites compared to unmodified biochar particles.”
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Research, S Roy - American Journal of Chemical, “Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Tea-Waste Biochar as
Green Substitute of Graphite
and Its Application in de-Fluoridation of Contaminated Water.”
Escipub.com
.
http://escipub.com/ajcr-2017-03-2101/
.
From the Abstract:
“The biochar obtained was further used as a substitute for graphite in synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) in the conventional process. GO obtained was further applied for fluoride removal from simulated effluents. ... Under optimized conditions, fluoride removal efficiency was found to be 98.31%.”
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Tran, Thanh-Nhan, Min Young Song, Tong-Hyun Kang, Jitendra Samdani, Hyean-Yeol Park, Hasuck Kim, Sung Hwa Jhung, and Jong-Sung Yu. 2018. “Iron Phosphide Incorporated into Iron-Treated Heteroatoms-Doped Porous Bio-Carbon as Efficient
Electrocatalyst
for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.”
ChemElectroChem
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201800091
.
From the Abstract:
“... Fe‐treated heteroatoms (N, P, and S)‐doped porous carbons are synthesized for the first time by pyrolysis of bio‐char derived from abundant human urine waste as a single precursor for carbon and heteroatoms ...”
Wang, B, B Liu, XX Ji, MG Ma - Materials (Basel, Switzerland), “Synthesis, Characterization, and
Photocatalytic
Properties of Bamboo Charcoal/TiO₂ Composites Using Four Sizes Powder.”
Europepmc.org
.
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29693639
.
From the Abstract:
“The sizes of the bamboo powder played an important role in the microstructures and the properties of bamboo biochar/TiO₂ composites. The bamboo biochar/TiO₂ composites displayed the photocatalytic activities both under visible light irradiation and UV irradiation.”
From the Abstract:
“Microbial biomass C was 65% and 36% higher in [rice husk biochar] and [rice husk biochar with fertilizer (FRH)], respectively, than control. Microbial biomass N was greatest in [palm kernel biochar with fertilizer] and FRH with respective increment of 359% and 341% than control. β-glucosidase and xylanase activities were significantly increased in all biochar treated soils than control.”
Highlights:
“Rice husk biochar application improved soil fertility and increased rice grain yield. Lability index of C and microbial quotient decreased with increasing rate of biochar application.”
From the Abstract:
“This investigation showed that biochar in soil after 1 year significantly increased bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of nitrifiers and bacteria consuming pyrogenic carbon (C). We also found that the reapplication of biochar had no significant effects on soil bacterial communities.”
Simarani, Khanom, Muhammad Farid Azlan Halmi, and Rosazlin Abdullah. 2018. “Short-Term Effects of Biochar Amendment on
Soil Microbial Community
in Humid Tropics.”
Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science
, April, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2018.1464149
.
From the Abstract:
“Microbial biomass C was 65% and 36% higher in RH and FRH, respectively, than control. Microbial biomass N was greatest in FPK and FRH with respective increment of 359% and 341% than control. β-glucosidase and xylanase activities were significantly increased in all biochar treated soils than control. A shift in microbial diversity was not detected.”
,
Liu, Y, JR Zhu, YC Wu, LZ Shu - The Journal of Applied Ecology, “Effects of Biochar Application on the Abundance and Structure of
Ammonia-Oxidizer Communities
in Coal-Mining Area.”
Europepmc.org
.
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29692163
.
From the Abstract:
“Improved soil nutrients as well as increased abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing community to some extent indicated the potential of biochar application in reclamation of coal-mining area soil.”
From the Abstract:
“
From the Abstract:
“Our findings indicate that biochar NPs have contrasting effects on the retention of P in acidic and alkaline soils, implying the cautious land applications of biochar for nutrients retention in soils with different acidities.”
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From the Abstract:
“When oak biochar produced through high temperature pyrolysis (500-600
o
C) ... was applied to the sand columns at a rate of 10% (w/w), ... Biochar appeared to delay NO
3
leaching from the sand.”
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From the Abstract:
“... a more cost-efficient method for simultaneously determining time-weighted average concentrations of ammonium and dissolved orthophosphate in most freshwaters, but inefficiently in high salinity waters ...”
From the Abstract:
“... a novel, feasible and effective technique for enhancing wastewater N and P removal.”
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From the Abstract:
“[Rice Husk Biochar] caused 5-fold increased soluble potassium.”
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Gondek, Krzysztof, Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Michał Kopeć, and Tomasz Mróz. 2018. “The Influence of
Biochar Enriched with Magnesium and Sulfur
on the Amount of
Perennial Ryegrass
Biomass and Selected Chemical Properties and Biological of Sandy Soil.”
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
, April, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1455848
.
From the Abstract:
“A significant increase in the amount of
Perennial ryegrass
L. biomass was determined after amending the soil with unenriched biochar and biochar enriched with (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.”
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From the Abstract:
“The addition of biochar to the soil containing [rock phosphate (RP)] caused a significant increase (p<0.05) of solubilized P in soil. These results suggested that biochar can be used to enhance microbial RP solubilization and mycorrhizae inoculants to increase P uptake.”
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From the Abstract:
“Inorganic fertilizer treatments had recorded high amount of available P with time compared to organic fertilizer treatments.”
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Khalil, Ahmed, Nikolai Sergeevich, and Vita Borisova. 2018. “
Removal of Ammonium
from Fish Farms by Biochar Obtained from Rice Straw: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies for Ammonium Adsorption.”
Adsorption Science & Technology
, April, 26361741876894.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0263617418768944
.
From the Abstract:
“The removal efficiency of NH
4
+
recorded 43, 53.7, and 69.5%, with maximum adsorption values of 2.9, 3.5, and 4.5 mg/g at temperatures of 25 ± 5, 35 ± 5, and 45 ± 5°C, respectively, at pH 7.5.”
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Highlight:
“Biochar can remove all organic matters of all molecular weights.”
From the Abstract:
“... the existence of calcium and aluminum orthophosphates was revealed...”
From the Abstract:
“The maximum NH
4
+
retention capacities were found with the biochar of switchgrass produced at 800 °C (10.47 mg g
−1
), biochar of water oak at 400 °C (3.82 mg g
−1
), and raw biosolids (43.29 mg g
−1
). Meanwhile, biochar was found to have limited (switchgrass and water oak) and negative (biosolids) retention for NO
2
−
and NO
3
−
.”
From the Abstract:
“Biochar, compost and biochar-compost blend all resulted in lower environmental impacts than mineral fertiliser from a systems perspective. ... The biochar-compost blend offered benefits related to available nutrients and sequestered C. It also produced yields of similar magnitude to mineral fertiliser, which makes its acceptance by farmers more likely whilst reducing environmental impacts.”
From the Abstract:
“This study aims to determine the effect of marine sludge and biochar on the dynamics of nitrogen in post-PETI soil ... The movement of N in the lower soil layer due to the provision of marine sludge and biochar was lower than that of 4.83 - 5.94% and 1.30 - 12.95%, while the controls were 21.12 - 40.51% ...”
From the Abstract:
“The results showed that biochar was able to increase pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), moisture content, P-available and P-total soil. Ca enriched Biochar is able to retain nutrient P in soil layer more than biochar without Ca enriched.”
From the Abstract:
“Compared with plant biochars, manure biochars contained higher P but had a lower release degree. Release of P from biochars was controlled by diffusion-dissolution process and was enhanced by higher ambient temperature, co-existing anions, and both acidic and alkaline conditions but inhibited by coexisting Hoagland nutrients. Anion-induced increase in P release was more significant for plant biochars than manure biochars.”
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Garg, Sonal, and Piyali Das. 2018. “High-Grade
Activated Carbon
from Pyrolytic Biochar of Jatropha and Karanja Oil Seed cakes—Indian Biodiesel Industry Wastes.”
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-018-0308-8
.
From the Abstract:
“CO
2
activation resulted in the formation of activated carbon with BET surface area up to ~ 200 m
2
/g with marginal improvement in porosity, while K
2
CO
3
activation enhanced the surface area to as high as 2400 m
2
/g along with substantial enhancement of porosity.”
From the Abstract:
“The team reported a biomass to biochar conversion rate, under field conditions, of between 300 and 400 kg per day, with an average recovery rate of 16% in biochar.”
From the Abstract:
“...biochars from green coconut shell (CSB) and orange peel (OPB) were produced by pyrolysis of the biomass at temperature of 350 ºC for one hour.”
Xiao, Xin, Baoliang Chen, Zaiming Chen, Lizhong Zhu, and Jerald L. Schnoor. 2018. “Insight into Multiple and Multilevel
Structures of Biochars
and Their Potential Environmental Applications: A Critical Review.”
Environmental Science & Technology
52 (9): 5027–47.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06487
.
From the Abstract:
“To design a “smart” biochar for environmentally sustainable applications, one must understand recent advances in biochar molecular structures and explore potential applications to generalize upon structure–application relationships.”
From the Abstract:
“The [partial least square (PLS)] model had good accuracy and precision for both of [fixed carbon (FC) and [volatile matter (VM)], and could be used as a quantitative method for FC and VM contents analysis. Nevertheless, PLS model need to improve the precision for Ash analysis ...”
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From the Abstract:
“The biocarbon had a capacity of 100% tetracycline adsorption in domestic wastewater and the efficiency of the filtration with biochar was on average 25% higher than with the commercial coal.”
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From the Abstract:
“... an integrated wastewater treatment process that produces and uses wastewater biochar for a variety of food, energy, and water (FEW) applications is proposed.”
Sun, Junna, Runya Yang, Wenxue Li, Yinghua Pan, Mengzhu Zheng, and Zhenhua Zhang. 2018. “Effect of Biochar Amendment on Water Infiltration in a Coastal
Saline Soil
.”
Journal of Soils and Sediments
, April.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2001-8
.
From the Abstract:
“... sieved biochar of ≤ 0.25 mm significantly improved water infiltration capacity, irrespective of the amendment rate. Sieved biochar of 1–2 mm was less effective to improve soil porosity and when amended at 10%, it even reduced the water infiltration capacity.”
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From the Abstract:
“In the Ultisol, the SOC stability significantly increased with both biochars at up to the 2% rate but beyond which it did not further increase, whereas, in the Oxisol, the SOC stability significantly decreased at all rates of high temperature biochar and at the 2% and 4% rates of the low temperature biochar.”
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From the Abstract:
“... endogenous minerals in biochars can protect biochars from chemical oxidation. On the other hand, ... Fe-bearing mineral formed in biochars can promote the thermal decomposition of biochars. In H
2
O
2
oxidation, ... the effect of exogenous Fe-bearing mineral on biochar stability was related to ... HTTs.”
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