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Updates from the SRSCRO
February 2017
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SCIF to My Lou

A term you may begin to hear batted about in the SRSCRO region is SCIF (pronounced "skiff."). A SCIF is a US Government accredited facility where Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) can be stored, discussed or electronically processed. Primarily government and government-related contractors that require high security have the need for SCIFs. It can be a secure room or data center that guards against electronic surveillance and suppresses data leakage of sensitive security and military information.  Locally, both Fort Gordon and the Savannah River Site (SRS) utilize SCIF space.

A government rule called "The Director of Central Intelligence Directive 6/9" details the physical requirements for SCIF construction: Walls, floors and ceilings must be permanently constructed and attached to each other. They should also be reinforced on the inside with steel plates, and slab-to-slab with 9-gauge expanded metal. All doors, windows, walls, floors, vents and ducts must be protected by sound masking devices, such as noise and vibration generators, bars, grills or sound baffles, in order to meet sound attenuation criteria and prevent disclosure of conversations. Entrance doors should be limited to one, which must be equipped with locks and alarms, and made of solid wood (no less than 1-and-3/4 inches thick) or clad with 16-gauge metal (no less than 1-and-3/4 inches thick).  It has been reported that SCIFs cost two to 10 times the cost of conventional office space, depending on features required.

At the conclusion of construction (but should be started well before construction begins), an accreditation process occurs which classifies the facility as one in which sensitive information can be handled and at what secured classification level. Without a government sponsor it is impossible to have an accredited SCIF, even if you have a facility built to SCIF standards. SCIFs can vary in size, design and construction according to the purpose of the facility, the location, the regulatory requirements, the customer, and other environmental factors. These are all considerations in determining the security and safety in the materials and program activities within these facilities.

Fake News and Alternative Facts - Fukushima

Earlier, this month, Adam Housley of Fox News reported a story with a terrifying headline: "Radiation at Japan's Fukushima Reactor Is Now at 'Unimaginable' Levels." Per the story, the radiation levels at Japan's crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant are now at "unimaginable" levels. Housley said the radiation levels -- as high as 530 sieverts per hour -- are now the highest they've been since 2011 when a tsunami crippled the coastal reactor. "To put this in very simple terms.  Four sieverts can kill a handful of people," he explained.

The degree to which this story is misleading is amazing, however, a PJ Media story explains it very well and is worth a read. Excerpts from the story explain:

... Most commercial nuclear reactors have what's called the "primary containment" around the reactor: a sealed steel or reinforced concrete shell around the actual reactor. Outside that is the "secondary containment," another sealed building surrounding the primary containment. The unexpectedly high radiation levels -- and 530 Sieverts is way high, no question -- were detected inside the containment, the area marked by "1."

This is important, because everyone in Japan is in the area marked by "2", technically called outside the containment. This is a Good Thing. What's even better is that we now know the radiation exposure in area 2 was only about 15 percent of what was originally thought... [This from Science magazine January 2017 issue where scientists analyzing the thousands of citizen readings have come to a surprising conclusion: The airborne observations in this region of Japan overestimated the true radiation level by a factor of four.]

 
So, the PJ Media story concludes: "Don't panic. The high radiation is only inside the reactor." Although they go on to say they wouldn't recommend anyone going into the containment vessel.

And the story goes on to report TEPCO and the Japanese government carefully measure the radioactivity in the water being released [from the damaged reactor into the sea], and report it regularly. Their February 1 report records only one significant radionuclide in the water: tritium, the third hydrogen isotope. The radioactivity level is between 780 and 820 Bq per liter of water. What does this mean? Well, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safety standard for tritium in drinking water sets an upper limit of 740 Bq/liter. Basically, you wouldn't want to drink it, right there at the outflow into the Pacific, for any extended length of time -- although it probably wouldn't hurt you.

You could swim in it, though, the article states.
CONTE 2017

Leaders in Nuclear Training and Education from the SRSCRO region took part in the American Nuclear Society (ANS) Conference on Nuclear Training and Education ( CONTE 2017). The Biennial International Forum took place February 5-8, 2017 in Jacksonville, FL with an emphasis on the future of the nuclear industry, and training, education and workforce development.

Mr. Robert Collins, Augusta Technical College; Dr. Gemma Frock, Aiken Technical College and Dr. Joseph Newton, Augusta University provided presentations and recommendations related to the National Nuclear Uniform Curriculum Program ( NUCP). 

The SRSCRO region has two NUCP-recognized programs - Nuclear Engineering Technology ( NET) at Augusta Technical College, and the Radiation Protection Technology ( RPT) Program at Aiken Technical College.  In addition, a pilot program is in development through Augusta University's Chemistry Department using its Nuclear Science Track courses.  


In This Issue
Spotlight
Mike Duckworth

Mike Duckworth is the CEO of OBGYN Partners of Augusta, a 16 physician OB/GYN Practice in Augusta.  Mike is married to Meg with three children, Gardner, Mathurin and Wilkes.  He is a graduate of Augusta College with a Bachelor of Business Administration with a concentration in Finance and Economics.  He is the latest member appointed to the SRSCRO Board of Directors.
Measuring Radiation Facts

In the world today, radiation can be measured using two different systems of units, depending on the standards set by each country. The conventional system of units (including the Curie, Rad and Rem) was developed over the past 100 years. This system is still used by regulatory agencies in the United States because it is required by federal law.

More recently, the System Internationale (SI) (including the Becquerel, Sievert and Gray) evolved as part of the metric system and is used to measure radiation by all other governments and scientists in the international community.

Depending on what aspect of radiation is being measured, different terms are applied:

*   For the amount of radiation being given off by a radioactive material: the conventional unit is curie (Ci) and the SI unit becquerel (Bq).

*   For radiation absorbed by a person: the conventional unit is rad and the SI unit gray (Gy).

*   For biological risk of exposure to radiation: the conventional unit is rem and the SI unit sievert (Sv).

(Click here for the source article from the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Emergency Preparedness and Response)

Conversions factors:

1 microSievert (µSv) = 0.1 mrem

1 milliSievert (mSv) = 100 mrem

1 centiSievert (cSv) = 1 rem (1000 millirem)

1 Sievert (Sv) = 100 rem

1 Gray (Gy) = 100 Rads = 1 Sievert (Sv) = 100 Rem.

1 Ci = 3.7×1010 Bq (37 billion Becquerels)

1 Ci = 37 GBq (37 GigaBecquerels)

1 µCi = 37,000 Bq

1 Bq = 2.70×10-11 Ci (less than one ten billionth of a Curie)

1 Bq = 2.70×10-5 µCi
1 GBq = 0.0270 Ci

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The 2017 SRSCRO meeting schedule is available at http://www.srscro.org/meetings/
  
Closing Thoughts

If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it? -- Albert Einstein

In politics stupidity is not a handicap. -- Napoleon

Let us so live that when we come to die even the undertaker will be sorry. -- Mark Twain

You can get much further with a kind word and a gun than you can with a kind word alone.
-- Al Capone

Once you can accept the universe as matter expanding into nothing that is something, wearing stripes with plaid comes easy. -- Albert Einstein

You can't build a reputation on what you are going to do. -- Henry Ford

Parents forgive their children least readily for the faults they themselves instilled in them.
-- Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach

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