In This Issue of
Saving Military History One Soldier at a Time
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Welcome to the November 2021 Newsletter.
Happy Veterans Day to all the veterans out there!
Last month and the beginning of November have been busy for us.
We were finally able to participate in a school program again and we want to thank the Covington Independent School District in Texas for inviting us to participate in their Veterans Day program. We will include some of the photos in this issue.
Last month we completed the upload of another 100,000 web pages to some of the Army Air Corps websites. We added material on 5th Army Air Forces, 8th AAF, 9th AAF, 12th AAF, 13th AAF, 15th AAF, and 20th AAF. We recently added information to the Sons of Liberty Museum website containing US Navy ships and we are looking for crew lists and volunteers to transcribe this material. We are also working on a large update of WW2 US Army soldiers and hope to have it available soon.
In this issue we begin to discuss official documents and their roll with the missing and deceased.
Also, read an article on machine guns and enjoy some photos of donation artifacts.
Happy Birthday to the Marine Corps and all Marines. Since November 10, 1775 and still going strong! Semper Fidelis.
Thank you for your support!
Artifacts help tell the stories, money makes the engine run, please
We tell history! Saving Military History One Soldier at a Time.
Remember those that made the #ultimatesacrifice #mia #pow #kia #sonsofliberty. #patriots #army #navy #marines #aircorps #airforce #coastguard #merchantmarine; all those that have worn the cloth.
Join us on this journey.
In Their Memory,
Robert Coalter, Jason Weigler
Executive Directors
"Saving Military History One Soldier At A Time".SM
"Saving History One Soldier At A Time"SM
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Missing in Action & Buried Unknowns |
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There are still thousands classified as Missing in Action or as Buried Unknowns. In our partnership with the MIA Recovery Network we have established data on our websites regarding MIAs. We are in the process of cataloging research materials instrumental to the researcher and families in this search. The quest to account for those of our nation's Missing in Action is one of the most noble of endeavors. There are also a large number of recovered remains that are buried in ABMC cemeteries where the identity is unknown.
The recovery of MIAs pose a number of challenges. For example, Navy or Merchant Marine ships that were sunk in are unrecoverable and thus ship manifests are the primary and often only source of names for those that have perished but are still accounted for as Missing In Action.
Each conflict has had its own challenges. At the end of World War II the military had established more than 360 temporary cemeteries, but the dead were being found continually, in farm fields, forests, small church cemeteries, and isolated graves and the shores of combat zones. These dead were collected and the remains consolidated into the fourteen permanent European, Mediterranean, and North African Cemeteries maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission, and two permanent cemeteries in the Philippines and Hawaii.
There are important documents generated and this is the first of a multi-part discussion.
Unsung Heroes
During World War II, aerial warfare was carried out on a major scale and resulted in massive numbers of aircraft being shot down and airmen captured or killed. In the Netherlands alone, for example, it was believed that nearly 8,000 aircraft had been shot down overland and in the waters of the channel. Even now, aircraft are still being found in the waters and overland across Europe. The data contained in the Missing Air Crew Report (MACR) is a prime resource in determining details regarding the aircraft and crew.
Missing Air Crew Reports (MACR)
The MACR was a document created within a certain period after aviators failed to report from a mission. In some of these cases, the loss was verifiable, and the details were not in question. In the case of bomber crews however, it was often not until the hostilities ended and information was able to be checked that accuracy could be provided. Crew members might have become POW’s, evaded, or even returned to their units. Postwar the crews might be scattered, having returned home or to stateside bases and made it difficult to gather facts. In many cases, crews reported that, because of damage to the autopilot, pilots urged their crews to bail out because the plane was impossible to control without a pilot or copilot at the controls. The bailout bell was the device used to signal crew that urgency was necessary and gave the men notice to don parachutes and leave the airplane immediately. These men remained at the controls of crippled aircraft knowing that escape was impossible.
The format of the MACR was a series of questions which would be filled in by the organization involved. There were blocks which contained detailed information on organization names, time of loss, type of aircraft, the persons aboard and their serial numbers, and other data such as handrawn maps and statements of witnesses if any to the incident. Even now, one of the most useful datasets is the serial numbers of the engines and the machine guns installed. This serves as proof that the aircraft wreckage found is a known case, and sometimes it aids in identification of remains.
In reading the various MACRs found in archives, it becomes evident that the actions of many pilots enabled their crews to escape while they went down with the aircraft. This is a remarkable fact which has not been revealed until now. The records which are maintained in a digital format and found on the USAAF Museum site is a look back into history revealing the actions of men with courage in the last moments of their lives. It is another example of the “Greatest Generation”, a title well earned.
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In November 2020 we launched our own virtual cinema. Another way to describe it is it's our own Netflix.
We have started out with 130 combat films represented by 209 clips and 1436 minutes of footage.
We will continue to add to the cinema as we have a lot of material and we will be generating much more for you to see.
This is a subscription service of $14.95/month.
Take a few minutes and go see what's "Now Showing" and decide if you want to signup and start watching. Go now !
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Sons of Liberty Museum
The Sons of Liberty has hundreds of uniforms and thousands of other artifacts in our collection from the U.S. Revolutionary War to Present day. Our web presence now numbers in excess of 325,000 pages. We continue to accept new material for education and research programs; a number of these items will make their way on to the website. Our collection includes memorabilia from the front line soldier to the rear echelon clerk. Drivers, infantrymen, pilots, tankers, seaman, medical, artillery, armorers, engineers, quartermasters and much more. Those that were drafted or volunteered; those that did a single tour or made it a career. Those that returned with all types of injuries and those that gave their full measure being killed in action (KIA). All MOS are welcome from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard and Marines. We are Saving Military History One Soldier At A Time. We are honoring the service of the Citizen Soldier.
#sonsofliberty
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A Veterans Day Program
Honoring Vietnam Veterans
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Volunteers
We need volunteers to transcribe award and roster documents. You will place the material into a spreadsheet where it will be added to our database and website. We welcome new dedicated volunteers to work from home and help us with this project!
Interesting Links & Resources
Donations
We welcome donations of papers, books, photos, gear, uniforms, jackets, medals, ribbons, weapons, equipment, scrapbooks, biographies, diaries and more. Please Contact Us
Civil War, Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, Desert Storm, Cold War, Gulf War and current conflict donations accepted. From small to large multi-item donations, they all tell a story.
We need you ! We need your help to further our mission of preserving and bringing this history to you and your families. As a 501(c)(3) non-profit your qualifying donations are tax deductible.
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Army Air Corps Museum
The Air Corps Museum online presence encompasses over 225,000 web pages with thousands of photos and other materials. Our artifact collection contains hundreds of uniforms, albums, logs, medals and more from the Army Air Service, Army Air Forces and U.S. Air Force.
World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, Desert Storm, Cold War, Gulf War and current conflict donations welcome!
Volunteers
We need volunteers to transcribe documents, placing the material into a spreadsheet. We welcome new dedicated volunteers to help us with this project! Work from home.
Interesting Links & Resources
Donations
We welcome donations of papers, books, photos, gear, uniforms, jackets, medals, ribbons, weapons, equipment, scrapbooks, biographies, diaries, letters and more. Please Contact Us
You can make monetary donations. As a 501(c)(3) non-profit your qualifying donations are tax deductible.
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Items have a story, what tale do yours tell?
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Super SMGs: the top five submachine guns of WWII
By Thomas Laemlein
First introduced to the battlefield in the latter stages of World War One, the concept of the submachine gun matured in the inter-war period and became standard equipment for most armies during WWII. These light, pistol-caliber weapons delivered impressive short-range firepower for airborne and mobilized troops, as well as infantry squad leaders. Submachine guns quickly became the preferred weapon for many soldiers around the world, and tales of their deadly effectiveness became legendary.
Here we take a look at the top five submachine guns of World War II, judging them on the quality and ingenuity of their design, their influence on other arms, performance on the battlefield and notes of what they are like to shoot. (Photos follow: 1-5 and L to R.)
1) The MP 38 & MP 40: Caliber: 9mm; Weight: 8.75 pounds About 1.5 million.
At the beginning of World War II, the German MP 38/MP 40 introduced breakthrough concepts in submachine gun design. From first glance, the weapon captured the attention of friend and foe alike and its ultra-modern design fit perfectly with Germany’s new approach to warfare. Immediately apparent was the lack of wood; the weapon using solely metal and plastic parts.
Construction of the MP 38 was of machined metal, with the later MP.40 featuring stamped parts to save weight, cost, and production time. The stock was an innovative under-folding design to accommodate the needs of airborne and mechanized troops—sacrificing strength and durability for compactness. The MP 40 fires on full automatic only (MP equals “machine-pistol”), but its rate of fire (500 rpm) is low enough to deliver short bursts or even single shots as needed. The single feed, 32-round magazine is a trouble spot, hard to reload, and too easily jammed.
A testament to the MP 40’s effectiveness in combat was its popularity with Allied troops as well. A prized battlefield trophy, Allied soldiers would sometimes carry a captured MP 40 in preference to their own weapons. Sometimes called the “Schmeisser”, this is a misnomer as Hugo Schmeisser and his factory had nothing to do with the weapon (the MP.40 was produced at Erma Werke). MP 40s remained popular after WWII, popping up in the hands of insurgent forces around the world until the 1980s.
Notes: The “Hollywood cool” factor of the MP 40 doesn’t translate in actual practice. The weapon feels a bit clunky, the stock sometimes wobbly, and the overall experience for the shooter can be rather disappointing. Accuracy is average. There is no heat shielding on the barrel and you can burn your forward grip hand after extended bursts. The slow cyclic rate does allow good burst control. It won’t be the gun you imagined after seeing it in the movies, but it is still a “must shoot” on your firearms bucket list.
2) The Thompson Submachine Gun Caliber: .45 ACP; Weight: 10.8 pounds Production: About 2 million.
Colonel Thompson’s “trench broom” was developed too late to see service in World War One, and with military spending slashed after the Great War, the breakthrough design of the Thompson submachine gun received little attention from the US military. After more than 15 years of limited procurement, the US Army finally recognized the Thompson as standard equipment in September 1938. In the early days of World War II, the Thompson was the only SMG mass produced by any Allied nation. The Thompson was very well made, and consequently slow and costly to build. Early variants of the Thompson featured a choice of vertical or horizontal front grips, and would accept a 50-round drum or 20-round box magazine. Early combat reports revealed that the drum magazine rattled and was rather heavy. Regardless, the Thompson was well regarded for its reliability and the man-stopping power of its .45 ACP rounds.
By April of 1942 the US Army had developed and accepted the simplified M1. The military Thompson featured a revised receiver and eliminated the compensator, finned barrel, vertical front grip, and drum magazine. A rudimentary rear sight was added, and a new 30-round box magazine was introduced. The M1A1 introduced further simplifications (along with protective “ears” around the rear sight). Production costs dropped from more than $200 in 1939 to just $45 in early 1944.
Few military arms have created such loyalty as the Thompson. In action around the world, the Thompson served US, British and Commonwealth, Free French and even Soviet forces. Fast-firing and intimidating, the Thompson was the weapon of choice in close quarter actions. Critics bemoaned its weight and the short range and low penetration of its .45 caliber ammunition, but the Tommy Gun always delivered when needed. The ultimate icon of submachine guns, the Thompson remained in US service until the early 1960s, and in the hands of insurgent forces for many years more.
Notes: Heavy but well-balanced, the Thompson is very controllable and a pleasure to shoot. Early variants have a high cyclic rate (1,000 rpm), and selective fire capability. Vertical or horizontal front grips are a matter of shooter preference, but equally effective. The legend is well deserved, and the opportunity to fire a Thompson gun is not to be missed.
3) The Suomi KP/-31: Caliber: 9mm; Weight: 10 pounds Production: Approximately 100,000.
When the Soviet Union invaded Finland in the late fall of 1939, the Red Army’s advance was blunted by steely Finnish resolve and the withering fire of their Suomi KP/-31 submachine guns. The Winter War proved the deadly effectiveness of the submachine gun in modern combat, and tales of the Suomi’s performance are legendary. Created by the prolific master armorer Aimo Lahti, the Suomi was adopted by the Finnish Army in 1931, and it remained in service until the 1990s.
The Suomi SMG was originally thought to be a substitute for the rifle-caliber light machine gun. When this proved impractical, the Finns developed tactics to maximize the high firepower of the Suomi (900 rpm cyclic rate). Finnish squads deployed a higher percentage of SMGs than any other army of the era, often with incredible results. The Suomi featured a long barrel, allowing for far more accurate shooting than most SMGs. Also unique was the quick-change barrel that prevented overheating and helped maintain accuracy. Suomi SMGs were fed by reliable magazines, either a 71-round drum or a 36 or 50-round box.
Fit and finish were precise, and the Suomi was machined from high-quality steel.
Ultimately it was expensive and time-consuming to make. Although not commonly known in the West, the Suomi was highly influential on subsequent SMG designs (particularly Soviet). Denmark and Sweden made variants under license.
Notes: The Suomi is heavy, more than 10 pounds unloaded. Coupled with its exceptionally solid construction, all about it is tight and high-quality. Very little is felt when you pull the trigger. Accuracy is outstanding, but the weight of the gun and ammo make it tiring to carry.
4) The STEN: Caliber: 9mm; Weight: 7 pounds Production: More than 4 million.
The British Army began WWII without an indigenous SMG design. Britain was importing the Thompson gun from America, and paying a premium price of more than $300 per gun. England’s need for inexpensive, easy to manufacture arms was answered with the STEN (an acronym, from the designers (S) Shepherd and (T) Turpin, and (EN) for the Enfield factory). The STEN was influenced by the MP.40, but pushed production quality to the most minimal levels—a wartime STEN averaged only five man hours to produce and cost barely $10 apiece.
The “disposable” look of the early STEN guns did not engender confidence in British and Commonwealth troops, but later models (with an improved stock) and the STEN’s light weight and overall utility overcame most initial doubts. The STEN would prove quite capable in clandestine duties (the MKIIS was equipped with a suppressor) and also in guerilla warfare (Norwegian, Danish and Polish resistance fighters all produced copies of the STEN). Even Germany copied the STEN, making more than 10,000 of the MP3008 in the final months of the Third Reich.
The STEN’s greatest weakness was its magazine, which was troubled by a poor feed design and could be easily damaged with rough handling. Jams were uncomfortably common. But despite its crude appearance, and the unflattering nicknames (“Stench Gun”, “Plumber’s Nightmare”), the STEN delivered close-range firepower to a wide range of Allied troops, equipping British infantry around the world and resistance fighters in every corner of Occupied Europe.
Notes: the STEN takes some getting used to. It is very light and easy to point. Sights on the earlier models are rudimentary. The shooter’s forward grip is key, and fingers cannot stray to block the ejection port. Do not grasp the magazine as a forward grip as this can easily cause a jam. Safety features are minimal. Stock types range from a simple tubular “T” to wire-skeletal and later types used wooden stocks. Surprisingly accurate at short ranges with some practice.
5) The PPSh-41: Caliber: 7.62x25mm Tokarev Weight: 8 pounds Production: Approximately six million.
After Soviet infantry suffered severe losses to the Finns and their breakthrough Suomi submachine gun during the 1939-1940 Winter War, the Red Army pursued their own SMG. This came in the form of the PPD-40, a development of the earlier PPD-34/38 with some features borrowed from the Finnish Suomi. Unfortunately for the Soviets, the PPD-40 was expensive (with milled steel construction) and time-consuming to build. Georgi Shpagin’s PPSh-41 greatly simplified the PPD, introducing mostly stamped metal parts, cutting production time in half and dramatically reducing costs. Shpagin’s design also included an integrated compensator that reduced muzzle climb to increase accuracy. The “Papasha” became a defining weapon for the Red Army and one of the most produced submachine guns in history. Some Soviet assault units were exclusively equipped with the PPSh-41, and it proved an excellent weapon for resistance fighters.
The PPSh-41 featured two styles of magazine: a 71-round drum and a 35-round box. While the drum offered extended firing, it was difficult to load and easy to damage. The PPSh-41 is selective fire, with a high cyclic rate of 1,000 rounds per minute. Roughly finished it was a rugged design, up to the challenges of the Eastern Front. The Wehrmacht captured thousands of them, converting a number into the standard German 9mm Parabellum, but simply using many in their standard configuration. After the war the PPSh was made in great numbers in China as the Type-50 (which only accepted the 35-round box magazine). PPSh-41 and its clones have been used in the majority of the Asian and African conflicts of the latter part of the 20th Century.
Notes: a simple weapon, easy to learn. Rather crude in its fit and finish. Once a comfortable forward grip is found, the PPSh-41 is reasonably well balanced. The high cyclic rate combined with a hot cartridge makes for plenty of muzzle blast and flash. But the weapon is solid enough to minimize felt recoil and makes a stable shooting platform.
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We have rescued this website. It was available for many years. The creator passed in 2016 and the website disappeared. Fortunately, we had a copy of the site and have recreated it in his and all the other 32nd Squadron members memory. re-launched November 2020.
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Preserve This History, Honor the Service, Provide Education For Future Generations |
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Thank You For Your Support ! |
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Thank You For Your Support ! |
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---- What is Liberty ? ----
"definition. the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views."
Merriam-Webster defines it as " the power to do as one pleases, the freedom from physical restraint and freedom from arbitrary or despotic control.
---- So what is a Son of Liberty? ----
In our context and beginning these were the men and women in America who wanted the freedom from the King of England. They desired a right of self-determination for their lives. They fought for this liberty and codified it in the Constitution of a new country. To keep this liberty they created a military to ward off the any would-be belligerent. Since the War of Independence until and including the present day the men and women who have worn the cloth of our nation's military are its Sons of Liberty. They have fought enemies in other nations, they have fought each other and they have stood as sentinels of the watch.
We celebrate the service of these individuals, we tell the historical story of these selfless patriots.
---- The Sons of Liberty Museum ----
Over a decade ago we chose a name for this organization and our sister the Army Air Corps Library and Museum. We believe these names accurately describe these men and women who serve. We will not change any name to satisfy a radical viewpoint or computer algorithm. We don't allow for any revisionist history, we tell the factual stories.
We are Saving Military History One Soldier at a Time.
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Need a Good Book?
Check out these titles.
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I was a navigator in the 459 Bomb Group 758 Bomb Squadron flying B-24's from Torre Giulia Field, tower named 'Coffee Tower', a gravel airfield near Cerignola, on the Foggia Plains of Southeastern Italy during the period August 4, 1944 to May 16, 1945. I flew 50 combat missions over targets in Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia and Northern Italy.
Project Option: 6×9 in, 15×23 cm
# of Pages: 386
IsbnSoftcover: 9781714032860
Publish Date: Dec 12, 2019
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Most aircraft of World War II had pictures of sexy girls, tributes to sweethearts, songs and home. The planes were fondly referred to in a feminine manor. That was not the case with this B-17 tail number 42-25233. He was Rigor Mortis.
This is the story of Rigor Mortis and his men who flew over 120 missions from North Africa and Italy in 1943 and 1944.
Project Option: 8×10 in, 20×25 cm
# of Pages: 382
IsbnSoftcover: 9781714727803
Publish Date: Apr 20, 2020
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A Novel of MACVSOG in Vietnam. By Gene Pugh a Special Forces Recon Team Member.
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Surrender Not an Option
Survivors guilt is not the only thing that is bothering Allen Purvis. He has to relive in his mind the battles in a denied area when he was assigned to MACVSOG the ultimate secret organization during the Viet Nam war. He is put to the test when he commands his friends to sacrifice themselves to save the others of the unit. Wendy Salas, nurse at the 95th Evacuation Hospital sees the horrors of the war everyday. Her pain is personal. A chance meeting on R&R in Hong Kong brings these two people together as soul mates in a hope that one of them can save the other. Purvis like the others wondered why they were saved and the answer was there all the time.
- Paperback : 312 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1539108333
- ISBN-13 : 978-1539108337
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.71 x 9 inches
Gene is a member of our advisory board.
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By Tom Laemlein
Tom is a member of our advisory board.
Many of the photos and illustrations in this book, some of them in color, are strong enough to be displayed in full page format. The images deliver the gritty details of USAAF armaments’ use down to their nuts and rivets, and the high-velocity rounds they fired. This is a unique photo-study, with many of the photos never-before published.
U.S.A.A.F. Aircraft Weapons of WWII
This book focuses on the war-winning weaponry of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. With 144 pages containing more than 250 photos it offers stunning visual details of the machine guns, cannons, bombs, and rockets carried into battle by USAAF bombers, fighters, and attack aircraft.Many of the photos and illustrations in this book, some of them in color, are strong enough to be displayed in full page format. The images deliver the gritty details of USAAF armaments’ use down to their nuts and rivets, and the high-velocity rounds they fired. This is the first photo-history of its kind, with many of the photos never-before published.
Combat conditions dictated that many aircraft were adapted into roles for which they were not designed. As necessity is the mother of invention, aircraft were modified in both their roles and their armament. B-25s became ground attackers, A-20s became night fighters, and every wartime USAAF fighter was adapted to carry bombs.
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301st Bombardment Group DVD
Enjoy this history of the 301st Bombardment Group in World War II with this discovered archival film footage. The first footage is in North Africa where the 301st moved after a short beginning in England. From Maison Blanche to Biskra, Algeria in 1942-1943 then Lucera, Italy in 1944 and many missions in between. Watch the men on the ground and in the air with both black and white and color footage. There are also some scenes with sound. Listen to the commanders recap the North African Campaign and a crew interview.
Watch the mission to bring back repatriated POWs. View the destruction of war on the enemy at the various targets of the 12th and 15th AF heavy bomber units.
View some great color footage of General Spaatz and General Eaker in the desert of North Africa. Listen to Generals Eisenhower, Spaatz and Doolittle talk about the Tunisian Campaign. Watch the bombs drop on missions including the oil fields and production facilities at Ploesti, Romania. View destruction on the ground. Watch as liberated POWs of the 15th AF are brought back to Italy.
This DVD contains a mixture of black and white and color film footage.
There are a number of minutes that contain sound. Runtime: 218 Minutes (3 hours, 38 minutes). Price: $39.99
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MIAs - Missing in Action
We have information on over 90,000 MIAs. This includes most all the World War II MIAs and some from World War I, Korea, Vietnam and the Cold War.
With our strategic partners, the MIA Recovery Network, we want to tell the last chapter in the life of these Citizen Soldiers.
We would also like your help in telling the first chapters of the lives of those still Missing in Action. Do you have service photos of a family member that is or was MIA? News articles? Service related material?
Material on Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines MIAs:
Air Corps:
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X-Files - Buried Unknowns
There are many citizen soldiers whose body was recovered, but they are unidentified. There are thousands of these unknowns buried in American Battle Monument Cemeteries around the world. They are also known as X-Files.
Material on Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines X-Files can be found:
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Awards, Rosters
Unit Documents
We need you ! A continued big thanks to our fantastic army of volunteers. We have much more so if you can type and have a couple hours each week we can use you !
Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force
We have received material on many units and are hoping to compile much more.
Unit Citations, Awards, Transfers, Rosters
Many groups received unit citations during their particular conflict. The paperwork, in triplicate, would include a roster of all assigned and attached personnel. We are seeking and requesting copies of those roster documents. Please search your papers, talk to your association and help us out with this information and get them to us pronto!
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Attention Website Owners &
Veteran Associations
Many WWII veterans organizations have shut. Many these organizations had developed some type of website, some with enormous amounts of data and history. Sadly, many had/have not made provisions for their website to be continued and thus when the bill stops being paid, the website disappears and all the work and information is lost. We want to help and we need you to help us. If you know of a disbanding group, please have them get in contact with us; we would like to bring their website and information under our wing. If they want to continue to maintain it we can give them access to continue that as well. One of our top goals for this and every year is to preserve this history not lose it!
Not a WW2 unit? That's ok. We are also interested in your history and want to help preserve it. Korea, Vietnam and all other conflicts.
If your organization has physical materials such as uniforms, patches, photos and other memorabilia do you have plans for them when you cease operations? We would be honored to be the custodian of your group's history.
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Contact
Sons of Liberty Museum
Army Air Corps Library and Museum
Directors' Line: 214.957.1393
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