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4 September 1241: The birth of the future King Alexander III.
4 September 1561: Mary Queen of Scots meets John Knox at the Palace of Holyroodhouse to try to resolve the religious differences between them. The meeting fails and Mary neither ratifies nor revokes the Protestant Acts passed by Parliament.
4 September 1745: The Jacobite army takes Perth.
6 September 1661: King Charles II restores the episcopal government to Scotland by royal decree. Alternative services called conventicles, often held in the open air, that spring up in an effort to retain a Presbyterian approach, are later made illegal.
8 September 1468: The Shetland Islands are mortgaged to Scotland for 8,000 florins as part of the marriage agreement between the future James III and Princess Margrethe of Denmark.
9 September 1543: Mary is crowned Queen of Scots at Stirling Castle, at the age of nine months.
11 September 1297: William Wallace and Andrew Murray comprehensively defeat the English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. Murray subsequently dies of wounds suffered during the battle.
15 September 1860: Marischal College and King's College in Aberdeen merge to form a single University of Aberdeen.
16 September 1701: James VII/II dies in France. His claim to the throne and the Jacobite cause passed to his 13-year-old son, James Francis Edward Stewart. He is recognized by the French King as King James VIII/III of Great Britain, in effect declaring war on King William.
16 September 1745: The Jacobites take Edinburgh without a fight.
19 September 1817: The remains of Robert Burns are moved to the Robert Burns Mausoleum in Dumfries.
20 September 1746: Bonnie Prince Charlie sails for France from Loch nan Uamh near Arisaig, very close to the spot at which he landed in July 1745. The site is today marked by the Prince's Cairn.
20 September 1967: The liner Queen Elizabeth II is launched at Clydebank.
21 September 1513: King James V is crowned at Stirling at the age of just one.
21 September 1832: The death at Abbotsford of literary superstar, Sir Walter Scott.
23 September 704: The death of Adomnán of Iona, also known as Saint Adomnán. He was Abbot of Iona, the author of the Life of Columba, and the promoter of the hugely influential Law of Adomnán.
24 September 1332: Edward Balliol is crowned King of Scots at Scone. This leaves Scotland with two kings: Edward Balliol and David II.
26 September 1290: The death at St Margaret's Hope in Orkney of the seven-year-old Margaret, Maid of Norway, Queen of Scotland.
26 September 1934: The liner "Queen Mary" is launched at the John Brown shipyard on the River Clyde, before going on to break transatlantic speed records following her maiden voyage to New York on 27 May 1936.
28 September 1928: Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
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