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Clausewitz on the Moral Element:
"The strategic elements that affect the use of engagements may be classified into various types: moral, physical, mathematical, geographical, and statistical.
The moral elements [everything that is created by intellectual and psychological qualities and influences] are among the most important in war.
The principal moral elements are: the skill of the commander, the experience and courage of the troops, and their patriotic spirit.
An army that maintains its cohesion; that cannot be shaken by fears; that will not lose the strength to obey orders and its respect and trust for its officers; that has been steeled by training in privation and effort; that is mindful of the honor of its arms—such an army is imbued with the true military spirit.
There are only two sources for this spirit. The first is a series of victorious wars; the second, frequent exertions of the army to the utmost limits of its strength."
"In war the moral is to the physical as three to one."
—Napoleon
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