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Smoking & Breast Milk Changes
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An interesting small study of 20 post-partum women who smoked during pregnancy and lactation (> 5 cigarettes/day) and whose breast milk was analyzed between 17-30 days after delivery for amount/type of fatty acids present, and compared to a similar non-smoking group, indicates that smokers' breast milk has significantly higher amounts/concentrations of fatty acids and mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids, with lower values of linoleic to arachidonic acid ratio.
Smoking during pregnancy and lactation has many deleterious effects. It appears that it also changes the fatty acid profile of human milk (no data available as the whether this is beneficial or deleterious - Ed.)
Acta Paediatrica
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Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) on brain MRI, & abusive head trauma (AHT) outcomes
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The water molecules in the brain cannot diffuse freely as many obstacles e.g. macro molecules, fibers, membranes, etc., interfere with their diffusion. This phenomenon allows for water molecule diffusion patterns on MRI to reveal microscopic details of tissue architecture and integrity. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values which take the above into account have been established to documented normal brain parenchyma.
A study of 14 AHT patients (range 1-18 months of age) whose ADC values were retrospectively reviewed and related to clinical outcomes, indicates that ADC values measured within 4 days post-admission strongly correlate with poorer long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Acta Paediatrica
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