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                Weekly Updates in Pediatrics         September 26, 2012 

EDITOR:  Jack Wolfsdorf, MD, FAAP 

 

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Neonatal mortality and morbidity in preterm infants born from assisted reproductive technology (ART)

ART appears to be associated with increased teen pregnancy, gestational age and birth weight and does not appear to negatively effect neonatal outcome - on the contrary, survival without significant morbidity appears improved compared to those matched infants spontaneously conceived.

 

Source: Acta Paediatrica

Chronic Lung Disease in Extremely Low Birth Weight babies (ELBW)

A perspective population based cohort study of 41 ELBW (22 weeks gestation) babies examined the duration profile of oxygen/ventilator requirements over the first month of life and related them to gestational age/five minute Apgar score/lung function.

 

Most ELBW babies require oxygen and/or ventilator support during the first month of life frequently beginning after the first few days of birth. Risk factors for lung function abnormality at 36 weeks gestation appear to be dependent on gestational age and Apgar score, rather than on the utilization of mechanical ventilation.

 

Source: Acta Paediatrica

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Resveratrol and Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)


Resveratrol is type of plant phenol (found in the skin of red grapes and other fruits) which appears to have an important role in a wide range of cellular functions (e.g. antinflammatory, lowering blood sugar, inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation, LDL peroxidation, etc) which appear to be beneficial to humans (cardio protective, etc).

 

An interesting study on 7-day old rats divided into groups receiving either/&/or normal partial oxygen pressure inhalation, oxygen concentrations > 75% for 5 days to induce ROP, and intra-gastric Resveratrol indicates that in neonatal rats it may provide a protective effect on neovascular disease (including ROP).

 

Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus

Video Feature

Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP 
Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP

Source:  DrMDK via You Tube 

Copper deficiency in children 

 

Copper is involved in the function of many enzymes which are all important in oxidative phosphorylation, iron transport, antioxidant and radical scavenging activity and neurotransmitter production.

Copper is ubiquitous and daily requirements are low making acquired copper deficiency a rare hematological and neurologic disorder.  

 

Menkes disease is a genetic disorder of copper deficiency. Acquired copper deficiency occurs primarily in hospitalized children who require prolonged parenteral nutrition/complex intravenous fluid supplementation for short-bowel syndrome, and/or malabsorptive disorders, particularly if they are prematurely born.

 

Source:  Clinical Pediatrics 

 Total Body Fat (TBF), abdominal fat (AFM) and body fat distribution as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in prepubertal children

 

Children (boys and girls) 8-11 years of age who have increased TBF, AFM and AFM-TBF ratio (body fat distribution index) are all at greater risk for CVD as measured by a risk score which includes a variety of cardiac and cardiovascular measurements.  

 

Source:  Acta Paediatrica  

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