Humans have been living by the Sun's schedule since time immemorial. Ancient civilizations, such as the Romans, employed sophisticated methods like altering water clock scales to adjust their daily schedules according to when they could expect light and darkness out of doors - an early predecessor of today’s Daylight Saving Time!
During World War I, Germany was the trailblazer of a revolutionary concept: Daylight Saving. In 1916 they were first to move their clocks forward by one hour in order to reduce unnecessary lighting and conserve fuel for wartime efforts - an idea quickly taken up by other countries such as the United Kingdom and France. After WWI many opted out of this practice, only returning during WWII when it became popularized again throughout Europe.
In 1918, the United States experienced its first taste of Daylight Saving when President Woodrow Wilson signed it into law in support of World War I efforts. The idea to adopt this practice was credited to Robert Garland - an industrious Pittsburgher who had been inspired by Britain’s use of such a measure. Though initially repealed several months later, some cities including Pittsburgh and Boston still maintained it until 1942 when then-President Franklin D Roosevelt established year-round recurring usage throughout the nation; earning Mr.Garland his title as “Father Of Daylight Saving".
From 1945 to 1966, the US experienced a chaotic period of Daylight Saving due to lack of uniform rules across states. This caused widespread confusion especially for trains, buses, and the broadcasting industry. In 1966, the Uniform Time Act was created in the hopes that this would bring structure and stability. But even with these standards in place some exemptions were still allowed at the state level. Permanent DST in the US was briefly enacted by president Richard Nixon in January 1974, in response to the 1973 oil crisis. However, it caused more conflict - many citizens complained about children's safety on dark winter mornings while commuting to school!
Following the 1976 energy crisis, Daylight Saving in America evolved over time to become what we know it as today. From 1987 through 2006, for about seven months per year clocks were moved ahead one hour. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended this period even further with its implementation in 2007 - now beginning on the second Sunday each March where we 'spring forward' and ending with a 'fall back' on November's first Sunday every year!
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