Who wore it best: Domestic or import?
The question relates to more than beer on tap these days
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American steeplechasing’s collective answer may surprise you
(and the reasons definitely will)
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It sounds like the start of a riddle: An American thoroughbred and an Irish thoroughbred walk up to the starting tape …
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But it’s no joke.
On today’s National Steeplechase Association circuit, the trend tips to imports. Ireland, especially, but to a great extent England, France, even Germany as well as a few South American-breds increasingly populate the jump charts here.
The question is: why?
“The short answer – it’s complicated,” explains
Irish horse racing’s Richard Pugh. “With international travel (and horse shipping being relatively easy) these days, the racing world has become somewhat smaller.”
In other words, he thinks the American 'chase world has gone as flat as Colonial Downs' Secretariat turf course.
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This comes as no surprise to many in the business – both racing and breeding, both flat track and jumping. The modern American trend on the flat toward shorter races favors sprint bloodlines in the domestic product, and the strong (pre-Covid) global economy, along with simplified equine air travel make the once-exotic notion of importing steeplechasers (and prospects) from abroad quite a simple matter.
Multiple Eclipse Award-winning owner and breeder George Strawbridge is one such globalist. His two-time Iroquois winner Owhata Chief and grade 1 winner Praise The Prince were born in New Zealand, multiple group 1 and grade 1 turf and hurdle winner Pompeyo came from Chile, and group 3 Classic Trial winner at Kempton Park last month was born in England.
Strawbridge foals plenty of homebreds at his Augustin Stables in Unionville, Pennsylvania, but he also breeds in England, and occasionally purchases youngsters, mares and mature horses domestically and internationally. He recognizes the enigma.
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New Zealand-born Praise the Prince winning the A.P. Smithwick Memorial at Saratoga in 2001. He won the race again for Augustin Stable in 2004.
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“I think the foreign-bred jumpers are, and have become even more attractive for three reasons,” Strawbridge maintains. “One, jump racing abroad is more competitive,” so the quality of horse an American buyer is getting is almost guaranteed to be high. “Two, foreign-breds tend to have more stamina, and, three, usually they are sounder.”
Strawbridge, long a proponent of drug-free racing in America – as its always been in Europe, stresses that the soundness quotient is key. “No drugs, no medications mean that the weaker bloodlines are erased,” he said in a Blood-Horse interview.
Still, we wondered about the curious, and increasing, vogue: Just one starter in the 2015 American Grand National at Far Hills was foreign-born (Uruguay-bred Inti), but last October, 10 of 12 in the Far Hills feature were born overseas. Thirty-six imports were part of the July 27 Virginia Gold Cup program, 39 at the June 13 Middleburg Spring Races.
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Parenthetical countries of origin in the race program have to be part of the conversation. We asked industry insiders for input: listen to the salient argument for going the extra mile to import foreign bloodstock, and hear why others still fly the flag, supporting the patriotic doctrine of buying American.
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What They Say: Hear it from the frontline
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Irish horse racing’s Richard Pugh:
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As I said, short answer – it’s complicated.
Firstly, the Irish (racing professionals) have almost always bred to sell, raced to sell, so we’re a nation of providers to the market for the most part.
With international travel and (horse shipping being relatively easy,) the racing world has become somewhat smaller. Therefore access to Irish racing form and bloodlines is a lot easier to acquire, and it is easy to assess a race in Ireland … to buy the right profile to fit your needs, whether in the U.S. or anywhere else.
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Perhaps as U.S. jump racing gets smaller, it may be pushing (American) buyers to look elsewhere. The first place anyone will go is where the product is actively for sale.
Buying from our (breeders and pinhookers) is logical as that is what they set out do from the moment they buy or breed the horse. Compare (this) to buying a horse off an existing owner - that creates the thought process of ‘why is this person selling.’ Buying from a dealer fits the subconscious better, I believe.
Supply and demand drives the market.
Your supply arguably dried up around the same time our supply (became) easier to access.
Maybe it is that simple?!
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Bill Price, race chair of the Queens Cup steeplechase and racehorse owner (most recent winner was Kentucky-bred Hot Springs at the June 13 Middleburg Spring meet):
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I think finding (steeplechase) horses over here takes considerably more patience – for the bloodstock agent as well as the owner – than going overseas and finding instant purchases.
Quite honestly, the foreigners see the Americans coming over with their pocketbooks wide open, and they throw one horse after another to the prospective buyers.
Add that the foreign horses look better, are fitter and are presented better than (most) American (flat track horsemen) present and train our horses, so that catches the American eye.
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American horses bred for the flat game (can) be used up by the time we find them for jumpers. American flat purses are significantly better than overseas, unless a horse is running at the top of the game, where the purses are very good.
(Some of) the Irish, English and French horses are bred as jumpers, though that doesn’t mean they jump any better, jump any more efficiently or jump any higher than the American-breds. They do tend to be bigger boned and more coarse than U.S.-bred horses, which some might find as an advantage to true stayers.
Here, we breed flat horses for speed. The foreigners breed (more for) stamina and durability.
If you’re one of the big NSA owners chasing awards and Grade 1s, you’re obligated to throw numbers at the game. Which means you can't always afford to be patient. So you head overseas to identify and purchase foreign horses because of the availability, relatively sound with low mileage.
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(Price’s Hot Springs was a son of Uncle Mo (by Indian Charlie) out of the Victory Gallop mare Magical Victory. He sold at Keeneland September 2016 for $750,000 as a yearling and was a grade 3 winner and multiple graded-stakes-placed on the turf. He ran through the Keeneland mixed sale last November, selling for $60,000 to agent-trainer Arch Kingsley. Hot Springs was unfortunately put down last week after being diagnosed with Wobbler's Syndrome).
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Hamish Macauley, Irish-born, England-based bloodstock agent (younger brother Archie works for Ricky Hendriks):
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I met Leslie Young at the Cheltenham (England) sales a few years ago, and it’s snowballed from there.
The specific orders for (sales) horses work two ways. One, an owner contacts me looking for a horse, usually a very particular horse. Say, a (future) Maryland Hunt Cup horse, or a horse to be competitive at Saratoga. I’ll go out and try and find that horse.
Or, more commonly, I’ll see a horse that I think will suit American jump racing, and I try and get someone to buy it.
To work on the American circuit, you need a horse to stay sound, and one to go on quick ground.
Finding these horses is a process. First, I look at the form. If we like the horse, I’ll go and have a look.
The last thing to consider is the breeding.
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I guess I’ve learnt from a few mistakes, that bigger horses hit the ground hard, and they don’t tend to stay sound. I like a lighter frame; 16.2 or bigger, I’d have a question mark. I like those real, athletic horses that really stride out and really point (their) toes. Those go on firmer ground. A horse with higher action is better on soft ground.
It’s about 50-50 public auction and private sales, and half I find in England, half in Ireland. I’m starting to look at horses in France, because there, you find 3-year-olds with a bit of form because they start racing over hurdles in March (of their 3-year-old year.)
One I really loved was Redicean (a multiple winner over hurdles and sixth in the Triumph Hurdle at the 2018 Cheltenham Festival.) I pleaded Leslie Young to buy him. (New owner) Sharon Sheppard was rewarded in like six weeks when the horse won the (Jonathan Kiser Memorial hurdle stake) at Saratoga first U.S. start.
He’s a smaller horse, and was a high-rated hurdler that fit the bill perfectly.
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Redicean (GB) won the Jonathan Kiser Novice Stake in 2019 with Tom Garner aboard for Sharon Sheppard, over Mrs. George L Ohrstrom, Jr's Arch My Boy (GB).
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Leslie Young, Unionville, Pennsylvania-based trainer:
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Redicean (pronounced red-ee-shin), is a lovely horse. He was produced by the Cheveley Park Stud (in Newmarket, England), and was sold at the Tattersalls horses of racing age sale (in 2017, hammered down at $117, 872.)
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He was an expensive horse, yeah, but I've seen plenty of value running through those sales. The horses there haven’t had Lasix, and the sales protocol means the seller has to reveal any veterinary procedure they’ve had – wind operations, hock injections, everything.
When I’m buying, foreign or domestic, I’m looking for a good mover, and a balanced horse.
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Mark Beecher, former champion amateur jockey, now trainer:
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There are (essentially) two different breeds in the thoroughbred industry in Europe with National Hunt horses bred to go at least 2 miles, up to 4, and then there is the flat.
In America, there is just flat breeding, so they don’t want to breed a racehorse to go any further than a mile, really.
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Going to Ireland and England or France does make sense.
I’m fan of the American thoroughbred, (and) I’ve started to buy a yearling each year so I can monitor his progress through running on the flat and then maybe running over jumps afterwards.
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Don Yovanovich, former champion amateur jockey, former champion point-to-point trainer, currently training on the flat:
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Except for a few people, U.S. breeders do not breed for steeplechase. Here, they’re bred for the flat, and for commercial sales.
Really, it is just a numbers game. Jump trainers and owners (can spend) months looking for a prospect, then passing the vet, then making the change to convert to a steeplechase horse. So you have a long-term investment before you have your first go over the jumps.
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So, the question is why do Americans want to buy foreign horses? Most times, they’re getting an already seasoned horse, experienced, with a little form. Horses from Great Britain and mainland Europe can almost ‘run off the plane,’ meaning make an American start pretty quick after they arrive here, so your investment time is very short.
On the other hand, if you buy an American horse off the flat – often for a lot of money since the purses are good and horses aren’t exactly cheap these days – you’ve got a long lead time until that horse can start over jumps.
New Zealand and Australia have jumpers too, as does Japan. If you go southern hemisphere, remember the seasons are opposite so there’s an acclimatization period after your purchase and airplane ride home.
My experience (buying in South America) was that a year is the best. I used to bring them home in our spring, turn them out, start schooling late summer or early fall and run the following spring. I was involved with probably 35 or 40 southern hemisphere horses, mostly Chile, a couple from Argentina, two from Uruguay and one from New Zealand. There’s no jump racing in South America, so those horses all come off the flat (and require) some time to settle, plus learn to jump.
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Purchasing horses back in the ’80s and ’90s in South America was done because of quality horses for reasonable prices. You ate the acclimation time and schooling (costs and time), but, at the end of it, you were likely to have a nice horse.
Buying today in Ireland, England and France you purchase a formidable horse with jump form for X number of dollars, and there’s the import fees, but there’s no waiting time until you get to run. And there are lots to choose from.
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Kieran Norris, Irish native, American champion rider transitioning to training and sales through his Ballyerin Racing in Middleburg, Virginia:
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I heard a trainer talking to another trainer at Warrenton Point-to-Point this year asking why she buys horses from Ireland and doesn’t try to convert flat horses here.
Her answer was simple. ‘I don’t have to teach them how to jump, and they’re ready to go.’
It was an honest answer, though from my point of view, the Irish and English horses aren’t trained for the same intensity of racing. They’re trained on hills, (and) they lope around meaning 15-second furlongs are fast.
(Another) big one is that they’re bred for jumping, so these are slow-maturing horses that (may not) develop until 5 years-plus.
Breeding-wise in the states, I’m thinking only Bruce and Sara Collette (Virginia-based owner-breeders that produced Virginia Gold Cup winners Salmo and Zanclus
(©
Tod Marks
, below, of Kieran Norris and Zanclus in 2018), among others) are purposely breeding for jumping.
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Speed, speed and more speed is the American way, but (back home) at 2, a steeplechase-bred horse doesn’t even know what a human looks like in April. Here, say at Keeneland, they’re racing over 4 1/2 furlongs in April (of their 2-year-old year.) My first job at a jump barn in Ireland, the trainer told me if he had his way he wouldn’t break them until they were 5 years old!
I think veterinary practices (legal and illegal) and low-level claiming races have sucked the life out of getting a nice (American) horse for cheap off the flat. Some guys do it, but usually a lot of patching up has to be done.
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George Mahoney, Maryland-based steeplechase horseman whose Rosbrian Farm has long been among industry leaders:
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Yes, I’d agree with the statement that it’s ‘easier’ to go to Belmont, or Charles Town, or wherever, and claim or buy an (American-bred flat horse.) So the question is, why do we go to the extra expense and trouble of finding and importing foreign-bred horses?
I can give you somewhat of an answer with my own clarity. Horses in England, Ireland and France – especially France, are schooled as young horses. And it’s a given that they’re turf-bred.
When you go over there, the number one fill-in-the-blank question has been answered already.
There’s such a voluminous amount of horses that are already jumping for sale over there.
That’s a ready-to-go horse.
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Rosbrian Farm and Meadow Run Farm's 2018 Eclipse Award winner Zanjabeel (GB) sold, as a yearling in 2014, for over $350,000. Trainer Gordon Elliott picked him up at a horses in training sale in 2016 for $10,000 and brought him to Far Hills in 2017 to win the Foxbrook Champion Hurdle Stakes.
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The other issue is that there’s so much more jump racing over there, you have a huge selection of horses. Here the only selection is to buy (a horse that’s already racing over fences) privately, or to claim one from a jumping race. But there’s fewer and fewer of those anyway.
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When you factor it all in, sure it's expensive to ship from Europe, but factor in being ready to run without having to teach a horse how to jump – and hope he’s good at it, and it may not be more expensive at all.
It does make sense.
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The bigger picture: Foreign blood infusing American ’chasing is a
good
thing (consider the evidence)
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Don Clippinger, NSA communications director for former editor at the Thoroughbred Record and Thoroughbred Times,
wrote in press release
that the foreign invasion wasn’t exactly a bad thing. “In many ways, it’s good news for American steeplechasing,” he wrote.
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“A short answer sometimes requires a longer explanation, and so it is with explaining the intricacies of horse breeding in America and overseas, especially when today’s environment has been shaped over the last half-century.
“First of all, there’s nothing wrong with the American thoroughbred in steeplechase racing. Overseas horses took the top two spots last year, but two of the top three spots (had) belonged to American-bred horses a year earlier. Mr. Hot Stuff (Tiznow), a Triple Crown competitor in 2009, won for the American-breds, and Jonathan Sheppard-bred All the Way Jose (Senor Swinger) was third, as he was last year.
“Still, the fact cannot be ignored that the American thoroughbred has changed. Not for the better, not for the worse. Just changed. In general, the American thoroughbred has been bred to be faster and to mature to racing fitness earlier.
“Buyers in the commercial market demanded speed and precocity, and American breeders delivered what their auction customers wanted. But the result has been fewer starts and a reduced hardiness in the thoroughbred breed.”
Jockey Club records show in 1980, American flat track runners averaged 9.21 starts per year. In 2018, it was down to six.
The length of the races matters, too, Clippinger found.
“While sprinters can prosper in jump racing, steeplechase races are two miles or more, and the best horses can maintain a high cruising speed and run all day.
“Dogwood Stable raced champions on the flat and over fences, and the late Dogwood founder Cot Campbell noted repeatedly that not all flat runners are suited to jump racing. In short, it takes a special thoroughbred to race over fences.
“Another factor is North American foal crop. With European and Middle Eastern buyers coming into the market and bidding up any bloodline with the super-sire Northern Dancer in it, the American foal crop ballooned to an unsustainable 51,296 in 1986. This year’s foal crop is estimated at 20,800, the smallest since 1966.
“Those two factors, the consequences of the commercial breeding market and the declining foal crop, effectively cap the supply of American-bred horses coming into steeplechasing.
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Dynaformer
©Courtesy of Three Chimneys/Tony Leonard
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“A positive factor on the American front is that some prominent flat sires are showing promise as sires of steeplechase horses. For many years, the preeminent jumps stallion was the tough-as-nails Dynaformer, who sired five-time (2003-2007) Grand National winner McDynamo. His place is being taken by stallions such as Tiznow, the sire of (hurdle standouts) Mr. Hot Stuff, Hard Spun and Snap Decision.
“Consider the number of horses with ratings in the American market and overseas. In the course of a year, fewer than 200 horses have NSA ratings. In Ireland and the U.K, the number exceeds 6,000.
“Fortunately, American buyers have been (increasingly) willing to shop in foreign markets for horses that will upgrade American racing. Not every National Hunt horse is suited to America, but those who favor firm footing certainly move up when brought to America.
“The observation is correct: it is a positive development as American owners look to the much larger market overseas in search of horses capable of competing successfully in America.”
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Now, I’m not negating the fact you can research pedigree of an American-bred horse, and claim a horse, say, out of a turf race at a major track then bring them along. Maybe buying American would be more patriotic.
My trainer in Ireland, Gordon Elliott finds me horses that he thinks will suit running in the U.S. Over here, the going is different – much more likely to be firm, and the climate is different. Take this week as an example: Irish horses rarely get 10 straight days of 90+ degree weather. But horses are amazingly adaptable.
The other driver to the foreign invasion is the strength of the dollar. In Ireland and France, they use the Euro. England is still sterling. When dollar is strong, you of course get better value.
Today, the dollar is 1.13 Euro. As the dollar strengthens, an American buyer feels like they’re getting better value.
Though I’m not sure I think many people shopping overseas and importing are too bothered by that.
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Irv Naylor, whose Maryland-based string is about 60-40 percent foreign-bred to American-bred:
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Yes, the American vs. foreign-bred issue is a conundrum! It’s usually a trainer, broker or a friend who approaches us with a horse. But, honestly, we just buy the horse, not the nationality.
For example, one of (our) best horses was Salmo - Virginia-bred by Sara Collette. You can’t get more ‘American’ than that. And Wendy Hendricks has a good eye for buying (American) flat horses that become great jumpers.
On the other hand, Keri Brion, Jonathan Sheppard’s assistant, is quite high on the Irish horses, who are bred to jump. You get both sides of it.
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American-bred Salmo won both the 2007 and the 2009 Virginia Gold Cup for owner Irv Naylor. Pictured is the trophy presentation from 2009, with Diane Naylor, Irv Naylor, and breeder
Sara Collette.
©Douglas Lees
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Sean Clancy, former champion jockey turned bloodstock agent and broker through his Riverdee syndicate:
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The trend is as much about supply and demand as anything. The American foal crop has reduced significantly, which obviously means there are fewer horses, and with fewer horses, the flat owners (and) trainers are less inclined to sell.
Also, the quality of racing at places like Saratoga has changed, and pressure on trainers to run horses has changed. This has affected the inventory of potential jumpers for sale in America.
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Years ago, if a guy had a $25,000 conditioned claimer on the turf in New York, he was more likely to sell because there weren't those races available. Now, those races are prevalent, with bigger purses, and trainers are pressured (by the racetracks) to run horses to keep their stalls, so that type of a horse is a viable horse now. Years ago, he wasn't viable.
While this is happening, American racing has also moved toward more turf racing (so) this has increased the demand for turf horses here. (This) lessens the inventory for steeplechasing.
Of course, there are soundness issues when it comes to American horses. This has something to do with (the preference for foreign-breds.) It's a factor – being able to find good, strong, sound prospects off the flat here has become more difficult.
Supply and demand on the other side plays into it as well. There’s a huge supply in England and Ireland of ready-made horses. The purse structure in Europe is appalling for horses who aren't capable of winning at Cheltenham, Aintree, Punchestown and a few of the big festivals. Once a horse wins a race or two over there and proves he's not a stakes horse, the owners are more willing to sell because they can't earn anything close to what they can earn if they sell.
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Irv Naylor's 2015 Eclipse Award winner, Dawalan (Fr) (left) was a Sean Clancy find overseas. Naylor's 2016 champ Rawnaq (Ire) (right) raced overseas for six years before coming to the US and having a huge Eclipse Award winning 2016.
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I've had success (as an agent) – buying Dawalan, Gibralfaro, City Dreamer and others from England and Ireland. They were useful horses there, but had proved they weren't stars: their owners wanted stars.
They fit in perfectly here. Gibralfaro, a £28,000 purchase has earned $223,700 here, he would struggle to come anywhere close to making that in England.
As a whole – and this isn't always the case, but the European horses haven't had the same pressure as a lot of American flat horses have had at an early age. At the least, they've usually been trained on an uphill, more-forgiving surface in a better environment than a lot of our American flat horses who have been going around a mile dirt oval all their lives. That affects their longevity.
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Riverdee Stable's Gibralfaro picked up a win in 2019 in the David L. (Zeke) Ferguson Memorial Hurdle Handicap (Gr. 2), as well as a win in the Queen's Cup.
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Charlie Fenwick, Jr., former champion amateur jockey, now trainer and owner:
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My best import story was in 1974. (Hall of Fame trainer) Jonathan Sheppard was going to Argentina, and I told him to find me a horse for my mother (Rosalie Culver) and me while he was there.
God, this is 45 years ago – it seems like it was yesterday.
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Jonathan comes back and says ‘I bought two.’ He tells me one of them was $10,000, the other a little more. I said I thought we’d better have the $10,000 one.
He kept the other -- it was Alvaro II that he trained for (Nashville, Tennessee owner) Jesse Henley.
(Alvaro won the 1977 Iroquois, having finished second, and third, in 1975 and ’76.)
The one we got was Dosdi. He was a wonderful horse, a real family pet. He’d come to the kitchen window looking for treats, and he learned that (longtime Fenwick employee) Josh Gill always kept a pouch of Red Man chewing tobacco in his back pocket. Dosdi would grab it and pull it out. He was a real joker, and he learned to like eating it. It must have tasted sweet.
Dosdi turned out to be a terrific jumper, and a great racehorse.
(Dosdi won 23 of 34 career NSA and point-to-point starts, including the 1977 and 1979 Pennsylvania Hunt Cup, the 1979 and 1980 Grand National timber stake and the 1979 Maryland Hunt Cup.)
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Charlie Fenwick and Dosdi in 1977 on their way to winning the Pennsylvania Hunt Cup.
©Douglas Lees
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(Fenwick has had other notable successes with imported horses, including riding Maryland-based but English-bred Ben Nevis to win the 1980 English Grand National.)
©Douglas Lees, below, of Fenwick and Ben Nevis II (GB) in 1976.
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Eclipse champions: 9 of the last 20 are foreign born
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2019: Winston C (Ire)
Trainer: Jonathan Sheppard
Owner: Hudson River Farms
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2018: Zanjabeel (GB)
Trainer: Richard Hendriks
Owner: Rosbrian Farm and Meadow Run Farm
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2017: Scorpiancer (Ire)
Trainer: Jack Fisher
Owner: Bruton Street-US
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2016: Rawnaq (Ire)
Trainer: Cyril Murphy
Owner: Irv Naylor
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2015: Dawalan (Fr)
Trainer: Cyril Murphy
Owner: Irv Naylor
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2014: Demonstrative (Kentucky-bred son of Elusive Quality)
Trainer: Richard Valentine
Owner: Jacqueline Ohrstrom
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2013: Divine Fortune (Pennsylvania-bred son of Royal Anthem)
Trainer: Jonathan Sheppard
Owner: William Pape & Jonathan Sheppard
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2012: Pierrot Lunaire (Kentucky-bred son of War Chant)
Trainer: Bruce Miller
Owner: Mrs. Calvin Houghland
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2011: Black Jack Blues (Ire)
Trainer: Joseph Delozier
Owner: Irv Naylor
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2010: Slip Away (Kentucky-bred son of Skip Away)
Trainer: Tom Voss
Owner: Kenneth and Sarah Ramsey
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2009: Mixed Up (Pennsylvania-bred son of Carnivalay)
Trainer: Jonathan Sheppard
Owner: William Pape
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2008: Good Night Shirt (Maryland-bred son of Concern)
Trainer: Jack Fisher
Owner: Harold Via
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2007: Good Night Shirt (Maryland-bred son of Concern)
Trainer: Jack Fisher
Owner: Harold Via
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2006: McDynamo (Kentucky-bred son of Dynaformer)
Trainer: Sanna Neilson
Owner: Michael Moran
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2005: McDynamo (Kentucky-bred son of Dynaformer)
Trainer: Sanna Neilson
Owner: Michael Moran
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2004: Hirapour (Ire)
Trainer: Doug Fout
Owner:
Eldon Farm Racing Stable
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2003: McDynamo (Kentucky-bred son of Dynaformer)
Trainer: Sanna Neilson
Owner: Michael Moran
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2002: Flat Top (Kentucky-bred son of Alleged)
Trainer: Janet Elliot
Owner: Nancy Gerry
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2001: Pompeyo (Chi)
Trainer: Sanna Neilson
Owner: Augustin Stable
©Sarah Greenhalgh
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2000: All Gong (GB)
Trainer: Bruce Miller
Owner: Calvin Houghland
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