SAN FRANCISCO — John Jay, the first Chief Justice; Alexander Hamilton, the first Treasury Secretary, and Benjamin Franklin, the first Postmaster General would all disapprove of the latest four anti-Black actions by the current administration: the renewal of efforts to remove Federal Reserve Governor Dr. Lisa Cook; an EEOC change to eliminate the EEO-1 form; an IRS change to prevent higher education and non-profits from having equal opportunity programs and U.S. Postal Service attempts to block mail-in voting, according to Constitutional expert John William Templeton, author of a trilogy on the 13th, 14^th and 15^th Amendment.

Franklin, Hamilton and Jay were primary funders of the seven Free African Schools in New York City beginning in 1799 as well as supporters of the New York City and Philadelphia abolitionist organizations. As signers of the Constitution, they counted on improving education for African-Americans as one of the primary defenses for the republic, a decision which proved wise when African-Americans wrote and petitioned successfully for the only three Constitutional amendments between 1804 and 1916.

Templeton located every resolution of ratification for the 27 states which approved those three Constitutional amendments within five years, the greatest political accomplishment in global history, which caused the French to donate the Statue of Liberty to the United States. In Road to Ratification: How 27 States Faced the Most Challenging Issue in American History; Citizenship for All: 150^th anniversary of 14^th Amendment and We Fought, We Vote: 150^th anniversary of the 15^th Amendment, he describes the broad consensus behind extending Constitutional guarantees to African-Americans who saved the nation during the American Revolution and during the Civil War, noting that every member of Congress and every state legislator who voted for the amendments was a white male.

"The year after passing the 14^th Amendment, Congress chartered Howard University," notes Templeton, who also cites the Congressional charter for Freedmen's Bank before the end of the war in March 1865 as a sign of legislative intent. "The three Enforcement Acts, known as the KKK Acts, showed that discrimination was defined as organized violence and masked terrorism. There is no equivalency between the KKK and educating African-American children."

The EEOC rule will cause a jobs genocide, following the loss of 1 million jobs so far in the past 18 months by African-Americans; and the IRS ruling will affect everything from universities to Black churches.

Templeton stated Monday on the Carl Nelson Show on Radio One that the 500-year African resistence to white supremacy is in high gear due to these policies with seven African-American nominees for governor; nine for the U.S. Senate and 75 for the U.S. House with 54 statewide nominees. The list of 131 recommendations is found in the September Journal of Black Innovation. Order at blackbusinessmonth.com